The seven layers of vertices in the disdyakis triacontahedron encode the 206 bones of the human skeleton, the superstring symmetry

Last fm Leds Stephen M. Phillips (334 Article 26: How the seven musical scales relate to the disdyakis triacontahedron 42 p [939 Article 27: How the disdyakis triacontahedron embodies the structural parameter 1680 of the E8xE8 heterotic superstring 28 p L 83 q Article 28: Encoding ofthe roots of the superstring gauge symmetry group E8 in the inner Tree of Life and the disdyakis triacontahedron 22p. Article 29: The triakis tetrahedron and the disdyakis triacontahedron embody the fine- L 3 Lj g Structure constant and the structural parameter of the heterotic superstring ANN 15p Article 30: The equivalence of the triakis tetrahedron, disdyakis triacontahedron and Plato's ‘Lambda tetractys' 15 p Articlé 31 : The musical nature of the polyhedral Tree of Life Article 32: Derivation of the bone and classical acupuncture compositions of the human body and their relationship to the seven musical scales houd Lau Article 33: The human axial skeleton is the trunk of the Tree of Life 16 p Article 34: The seven layers of vertices in the disdyakis triacontahedron encode the 206 4 5 bones of the human skeleton, the superstring symmetry groups E8 and E8xE8 and the L Ô he boul L 34 superstring structural parameters 168, 336, 840 & 1680 Article 35: The Tree of Life nature of the Sri Yantra and some of its scientific meanings Arucle 36: The Sri Yanra-like pattern of the 15 layers of vertices in the disdyakis triacontahedron and its scientific meaning Avice 37: The seven octaves of the seven musical scales are a Tree of life pattern LS 4 3 mirrored in the disdyakis triacontahedron 36 p Article 38: The geometrization of the seven musical scales and its mathematical b34 a implications 15 p Article 39: The correspondence between the inner Tree of Life, the Sri Yantra & the I diagram and their realization in the seven musical scales 6350 Ching 17 p i Article 40 (Part 1): The unification of all sacred geometries and its implication for ‘ particle physics 40 p Article 40 (Part 2): The unification of all sacred geometries and its implication for particle physics 45 p ! Article 40 (Part 3): The unification of all sacred geometries and its implication for : particle physics 49 p | Article 40 (Part 4): The unification of all sacred geometries and its implication for i particle physics

41: The pyramidal form of the inner Tree of Life, its counterparts and its 18%4, Article encoding of the human skeleton 18 p Article 42: Comparison of the eight Church musical modes and the human skeleton as Lasi holistic systems 22 p ner Article 43: The Tree of Life nature of the {3,7} tessellation of the 168 automorphisms of the Klein quartic on the 3-torus 31 p Article 44: The polyhedral CTOL and its embedding of the 496 roots of the heterotic superstring gauge symmetry group 195° E8xE8 16 p Lost ey 354 Loke Article 45: The 1680 circularly polarized oscillations in the E8xE8 heterotic superstring as 1680 harmonics of the Pythagorean musical scale 12 p Article 46: How sacred geometries encode the 64 codons of mRNA and the 64 anticodons of tRNA 38 p Article 47 (Part 1): How sacred geometries embody structural/dynamical parameters of the E8xE8' heterotic superstring and the codon pattern of DNA Article 47 (Part 2): How sacred geometries embody structural/dynamical parameters of the E8xE8' heterotic superstring and the codon pattern of DNA 35p+31p Article 48: The holistic nature of the first (4+4) regular polygons of the inner Tree of Life 18 p Article 49: How some sacred geometries are equivalent maps of all levels of reality 32p Article 50 (Part 1): The Golden Ratio, Fibonacci & Lucas numbers in sacred geometries Article 50 (Part 2): The Golden Ratio, Fibonacci & Lucas numbers in sacred geometries 64p+66p Article 51: The connection between Fibonacci numbers and the Pythagorean musical scale 12p Article 52: How EHYEH, YAH & YAHWEH prescribe the root structure & dimension of E8 A breakthrough in relating sacred geometries to the superstring constituents of quarks 21p Article 53: The 10-fold division within five sacred geometries & its manifestation in the ten whorls of the UPA, the subquark state of the E8xE8 heterotic superstring Mathematical meaningsofthe Part 1 (PDF) 26p Part 2 (PDF) 53 p Names of God

ARTICLE 34 TThhee 77 LLaayeerrss ooff V Veerrttiicceess inn tthhee D Diisddyyaakkiiss TTrriiaaccoonnttaahheeddrroonn E Enncooddee tthhee 20066 B Bonneess ooff tthhee H Huum maann S Skkeellettoonn,, tthhee S Suupeerrssttrriinngg S Syym mm meettrryy G Grroouuppss E E88 & &E E888××E E888 aanndd tthhee S Suupeerrssttrriinngg S Sttrructtuurraall P Paarraam metteerrss 116688,, 333366,, 884400 & & 1166880 by Stephen M. Phillips Flat 3, 32 Surrey Road South. Bournemouth. Dorset BH4 9BP. England. E-mail: stephen@smphillips.8m.com Website: http://www.smphillips.8m.com Abstract Earlier articles gathered evidence that the disdyakis triacontahedron is the polyhedral counterpart of the inner form of the Kabbalistic Tree of Life. The 60 vertices between two diametrically opposite A vertices are arranged in seven layers as two 8-sided polygons, two 10-sided polygons, two 6-sided polygons and one 12-sided polygon. Some vertices form 15 Golden Rectangles. The regular counterparts of these four types of polygons in the inner Tree of Life are shown to encode the 126 paired bones of the appendicular skeleton and the 34 single bones and 46 paired bones of the human axial skeleton. These enfolded polygons are defined by 137 geometrical elements, this being the integer defining the fine structure constant known to physicists. The seven polygons formed by vertices of the disdyakis triacontahedron have 240 geometrical elements surrounding their centres. This corresponds to the 240 hexagonal yods surrounding the centres of the seven separate polygons of the inner Tree of Life. They represent, respectively, the polyhedral and polygonal encoding of the 240 roots of the superstring gauge symmetry group E8 and seven of its eight simple roots, the eighth one corresponding to the apex of the disdyakis triacontahedron directly above the seven centres. The first two polygons have 72 elements and the last five have 168 elements, correlating with the 72 roots of E 6 and the 168 other roots of E8. The four enfolded polygons that correspond to the four types of polygons and encode the human skeleton have 168 yods (the superstring structural parameter) outside their root edge on the edges of their tetractys sectors. The 168:168 division of geometrical elements belonging to the first three and last three polygons corresponds to the same division of yods outside the root edge in the inner Tree of Life that are not vertices of polygons. The seven layers of polygons display the same geometrical pattern as that shown by the I Ching table, demonstrating the holistic character of the disdyakis triacontahedron. The pattern of geometrical elements in its faces and interior conforms to the pattern of numbers in Plato’s Lambda Tetractys, whose ratios define the intervals of the Pythagorean musical scale. This is exhibited also by the seven polygons, which encode geometrical information embodied in the polyhedron.

Table 1. The number values of the Sephiroth in the four Worlds. SEPHIRAH Kether (Crown) GODNAME 2 3 Metatron (Angel of the Presence) EHYEH (I am) 620 Chokmah (Wisdom) 73 Binah (Understanding) ARCHANGEL 21 314 YAHVEH, YAH (The Lord) Raziel (Herald of the Deity) ELOHIM (God in multiplicity) Tzaphkiel (Contemplation of God) 26, 15 67 50 248 311 ORDER OF ANGELS MUNDANE CHAKRA Chaioth ha Qadesh (Holy Living Creatures) Rashith ha Gilgalim First Swirlings. (Primum Mobile) 833 636 Auphanim (Wheels) Masloth (The Sphere of the Zodiac) Aralim (Thrones) Shabathai Rest. (Saturn) 187 282 140 317 Daath (Knowledge) 474 4 Chesed (Mercy) 72 5 Geburah (Severity) 216 6 Tiphareth (Beauty) 1081 7 8 Netzach (Victory) 148 Hod (Glory) 15 9 10 Yesod (Foundation) 80 Malkuth (Kingdom) 496 Tzadkiel (Benevolence of God) EL (God) 31 ELOHA (The Almighty) 36 YAHVEH ELOHIM (God the Creator) 76 YAHVEH SABAOTH (Lord of Hosts) 129 ELOHIM SABAOTH (God of Hosts) 153 62 Samael (Severity of God) 131 Michael (Like unto God) 101 Haniel (Grace of God) 97 Seraphim (Fiery Serpents) 630 Malachim (Kings) 140 Tarshishim or Elohim 1260 Beni Elohim (Sons of God) 311 112 Gabriel (Strong Man of God) 49, 363 246 65, 155 428 Raphael (Divine Physician) SHADDAI EL CHAI (Almighty Living God) ADONAI MELEKH (The Lord and King) Chasmalim (Shining Ones) Sandalphon (Manifest Messiah) 280 Cherubim (The Strong) 272 Ashim (Souls of Fire) 351 Tzadekh Righteousness. (Jupiter) 194 Madim Vehement Strength. (Mars) 95 Shemesh The Solar Light. (Sun) 640 Nogah Glittering Splendour. (Venus) 64 Kokab The Stellar Light. (Mercury) 48 Levanah The Lunar Flame. (Moon) 87 Cholem Yesodeth The Breaker of the Foundations. The Elements. (Earth) 168 The Sephiroth exist in the four Worlds of Atziluth, Beriah, Yetzirah and Assiyah. Corresponding to them are the Godnames, Archangels, Order of Angels and Mundane Chakras (their physical manifestation). This table gives their number values obtained by the ancient practice of gematria, wherein a number is assigned to each letter of the alphabet, thereby giving a number value to a word that is the sum of the numbers of its letters.

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The four uppermost layers have 36 vertices made up of 16 A vertices, eight B vertices and 12 C vertices. The three lowest layers have 24 vertices comprising 12 A vertices, four B vertices and eight C vertices. Figure 3 shows the projection of the uppermost four layers onto the XY plane, looking downwards along the Z-axis. The apex is shown as a black circle. The uppermost layer of eight vertices is in red, the next layer of 10 vertices is in violet, the third layer of six vertices is in blue and the fourth layer of vertices lying 2 2 in the XY plane is in green. The black gridlines mark distances ±φ, ±φ, ±φ & ±2φ. Four A vertices in the first layer are at the corners of a Golden Rectangle, as are four A vertices in the third layer, although the size of the rectangle is different. Similarly, four B vertices in the fourth layer lie at the corners of the same sized Golden Rectangle rotated by 90°. No four vertices in the second layer form a Golden Rectangle. The seven layers therefore contain five Golden Rectangles. Because of the mirror symmetry of the disdyakis triacontahedron, there is a vertex below every one shown in Fig. 3 that belongs to one of the three layers below the XY plane. Figure 4 displays the projection of the vertices onto the XZ plane as viewed in the positive direction of the Y-axis. The distribution of vertices is the same as that seen along the Z-axis after rotating the disdyakis triacontahedron through 90°. The projection of vertices onto the YZ plane as viewed along the positive X-axis is identical to the projection onto the XY plane shown in Fig. 3. Hence, (3×5=15) Golden Rectangles are formed by vertices in the three perpendicular sets of seven layers totalling 21 layers. This shows how the Godname EHYEH of Kether with number value 21 and the Godname YAH with number value 15 prescribe the orthogonal layering of vertices in the disdyakis triacontahedron. 2. Encoding of the human skeleton in the seven layers According to Kabbalah, Adam Kadmon, or Heavenly Man, is the universal prototype for all holistic systems, whether a subatomic particle or a human being. Genesis 1, verse 27, states: “So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.” This ‘image’ is the Tree of Life. It is the cosmic blueprint governing matter, man and the universe. As the representation of God, it manifests in the four Worlds of Atziluth (Archetypal World), Beriah (Creative World), Yetzirah (Psychological World) and Assiyah (Physical World). Godnames, Archangels, Angels and Mundane Chakras are the Sephiroth of the four overlapping Trees of Life mapping these worlds, which, of course, are not literally places but functional divisions of the Divine Life. A human being at the Assiyatic level is the body composed of bones, flesh and vital organs. The Tiphareth of the body viewed as the lowest of the four Trees of Life is the central nervous Figure 5. The axial skeleton system, a highly complex organisation of nerves that allow two-way (purple) and the appendicular communication between the brain (representing Kether) and all the parts skeleton (mauve). of the body. Its Malkuth is the skeleton, which in the adult is composed of 206 bones. They form two groups: the 80 bones of the axial skeleton (bones of the head, vertebral column, ribs and breastbone or sternum) and the 126 bones of the appendicular skeleton (the upper and lower limbs and their attachments, or girdles) (Fig. 5). Some bones occur singly and others exist in pairs, with one belonging to the left side of the body and the other belonging to its right side. Listed below are the numbers of single bones and pairs of bones: Single Pairs 6 1 26 1 11 Subtotal: Appendicular skeleton (126 bones) Pectoral girdles: Upper extremity: Pelvic girdle: Lower extremity: Subtotal: 34 23 0 2 30 1 30 63 Total: 34 86 Axial skeleton (80 bones) Skull: Hyoid: Vertebral column: Thoracic cage: The human skeleton is composed of 34 bones that occur singly and 172 bones that appear in pairs. The

80 bones of the axial skeleton consist of 34 single bones and 46 bones that occur in pairs. The 126 bones of the appendicular skeleton comprise 63 pairs of bones. 2 It was shown in Articles 32 and 33 that the axial skeleton is the manifestation of the ‘trunk’ of the Tree of Life. This is the downward sequence of point, line, triangle and tetrahedron — what mathematicians call the first four ‘simplexes.’ With its triangles constructed from three tetractyses, the trunk is made of 80 yods, each one denoting a bone of the axial skeleton. The rest of what is the lowest of the four Trees mapping the human body — what may be called its ‘branches’ — has 171 yods, 126 of which denote the 126 bones of the appendicular skeleton. The 34 types of single bones are encoded in the inner Tree of 1 4 19 19 56 61 Figure 6. The triangle & square determine the number of bones in the axial skeleton represented by the 80 yods in the trunk of the Tree of Life because they have the same number of yods. Trunk of Tree of Life Life as the 34 yods in its pair of triangles. The 23 types of pairs of bones are encoded as the 23 pairs of yods in the pair of squares. With their sectors transformed into three tetractyses, the pair of joined triangles and the pair of joined squares contain 206 yods — the number of bones in the human skeleton, whilst a separate triangle and a square contain 80 yods when similarly transformed, which is the number of bones in the axial skeleton (Fig. 6). Let us return to the seven layers of polygons in the disdyakis triacontahedron. They are of four types: an 8-sided polygon, a 10-sided polygon, a 6-sided polygon and a 12-sided polygon. They correspond in the polygonal Tree of Life (Fig. 7) to the octagon, decagon, hexagon and dodecagon, although the polygons formed by the layers of vertices are not regular. It is trivial to prove that the number of yods in an n-sided polygon (regular or irregular) whose n triangular sectors are tetractyses with four yods on each side is 6n+1. The hexagon (n=6)  has 37 yods, of which (37–4=33) yods are outside the root edge, the octagon (n=8) has 49 yods (45 outside the root edge), the decagon (n=10) has 61 yods (57 outside the root edge) and the dodecagon Figure 7. The polygonal (n=12) has 73 yods (69 outside the root edge). The hexagon and inner Tree of Life. octagon have (33+45=78) yods outside the root edge. Two yods of the latter are associated with one set of seven polygons and the two other yods of the root edge are associated with the other set of seven polygons (Fig. 8). (78+2=80) yods are associated with the hexagon and octagon on each side of the root edge. They consist of (33+1=34) yods associated with each hexagon and (45+1=46) yods associated with each octagon. They symbolize, respectively, the 34 single bones of the axial skeleton and its 46 bones that exist as pairs, one on the left-hand side of the body and the other on the right-hand side. The (57+69=126) yods of the decagon and dodecagon symbolize the 126 bones of the appendicular skeleton. Figure 8. Encoding of the 206 bones of the human skeleton in th e last four polygons of the inner Tree of Life. 34 ( ) 34 singles bones of the axial skeleton 46 ( ) 46 paired bones of the axial skeleton 126 ( & ) 126 paired bones of the appendicular skeleton The root edge is the vertical edge shared by all the 14 polygons of the inner Tree of Life.

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permutational and combinatorial properties of ten objects arranged in the form of a tetractys are therefore connected to the shapes of the last four of the seven enfolded polygons that make up the inner Tree of Life. When regarded as separate polygons, the last four polygons have (6+8+10+12=36) corners, where 36 is the number value of ELOHA, the Godname of Geburah. Their 36 sectors have (36+4=40) corners, where 4 40 = 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4. This demonstrates the basic role of the Tetrad (4) in defining properties of any geometrical object that conforms to the universal pattern of the Tree of Life — in this case the 40 corners of the 36 sectors of the first four layers of vertices of its polyhedral form — the disdyakis triacontahedron. 3. Geometrical composition of the seven polygons Table 3 tabulates the numbers of vertices, edges and triangles making up each polygon in the seven layers of the disdyakis triacontahedron. The seven polygons comprise 67 vertices, where 67 is the number value of Binah. This is very appropriate in view of the meaning of the Sephirah Binah as embodying the archetype of form, for this number does, indeed, quantify the shapes of the seven Figure 11. The number value 73 of Chokmah is the number of yods up to the level of Chokmah in the 1-tree when its 19 triangles are turned into tetractyses. The number value 67 of Binah is the number of yods below Binah. polygons when constructed from tetractyses. In fact, when the 19 triangles of the 1-tree are converted into tetractyses, there are 67 yods below the horizontal path joining Binah to Chokmah (Fig. 11). They include the seven yods that coincide with the seven Sephiroth of Construction, leaving 60 other yods. This 60:7 division in the 1-tree constructed from tetractyses parallels the division of vertices in the seven polygons into 60 vertices that surround their seven centres. The correspondence is striking evidence of the Tree of Life nature of the disdyakis triacontahedron. According to Table 3, there are 247 geometrical elements in the seven polygons. 240 of these elements surround the seven centres. This important property, the superstring significance of which will be discussed later, corresponds in the polygonal form of the inner Tree of Life to the 240 hexagonal yods of 84 ( ) 84 ( ) Figure 12. Two adjoined hexagons with their sectors divided into three tetractyses contain 168 yods other than their corners. the seven separate polygons that surround their seven centres (Fig. 10. The second subtotal row in the table above for the four layers of vertices making up half of the disdyakis triacontahedron shows that they comprise 148 elements. 148 is the number value of Netzach, the fourth Sephirah of Construction. 144 of 2 these elements surround the centres of the four polygons, where 144 = 12 = 12th Fibonacci number. 36 of them are vertices of polygons, showing how the Godname ELOHA with number value 36 prescribes

the shapes of the four polygons, just as we saw earlier that it does for their separate, regular counterparts in the inner Tree of Life. The four polygons have 72 edges and 36 triangles, where 72 is the number value of Chesed, the fourth Sephirah from the top of the Tree of Life. Including the apex of the disdyakis triacontahedron (an A vertex), there are 41 vertices from this ‘North pole’ to the equatorial plane containing the 12 vertices. 41 is the 21st odd integer, showing how EHYEH, the Godname of Kether with number value 21, prescribes the number of vertices in half of the disdyakis triacontahedron when the 25 3 23 = 5 21 7 19 9 17 15 13 11 Figure 13. Division of each of the 12 sectors of a dodecagon into three tetractyses generates 168 more yods. 168 is the sum of the 12 odd integers after 1 that can be assigned to its 12 corners. polygons of vertices in its layers are constructed from tetractyses. The two uppermost layers are made up of an 8-sided polygon and a 10-sided polygon. They contain 36 edges. 72 geometrical elements surround their two centres. The five lowest layers are made up of an 8-sided polygon, a 10-sided polygon, two 6-sided polygons and a 12-sided polygon. They have 47 vertices, where 47 is the 15th prime number, showing how the Godname YAH of Chokmah with number value 15 prescribes the polygons in the five lowest layers. 42 of these vertices surround their five centres, where 42 is the 21st even integer, showing how EHYEH, Godname of Kether with number value 21, 2 2 2 2 prescribes these five polygons. They have 84 edges, where 84 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 , and 42 triangles. They also have (42+42=84) vertices and triangles surrounding their centres. The lowest five polygons therefore have (84+84=168) geometrical elements, where 168 is the number value of the Mundane Chakra of Malkuth. This division of the number of elements into two sets of 84 is highly significant. It has been encountered in previous articles such as: 3 1. Article 15, which discussed the 84 permutations of pairs and triplets of octonions belonging to the seven triples of octonions (ei , ei+1, ei+3) and the 84 permutations of their inverses; 4 2. Article 18, which discussed the I Ching table of 64 hexagrams and the 28 hexagrams on either side of its diagonal. Each hexagram is a pair of trigrams, so that each set of 28 off-diagonal hexagrams has (28×2×3=168) lines and broken lines. Each set comprises 84 lines and 84 broken lines; 5 3. Article 21, which discussed the 84 hyperbolic triangles in the two types of seven similar slices of the Klein Configuration, the diagram whose 168 hyperbolic triangles represent the 168 automorphisms of the equation known to mathematicians as the Klein Quartic; 6 4. Article 16, which discussed, firstly, the 84 repetitions of the Pythagorean-valued, rising intervals between the notes of the seven types of musical scales and their 84 falling intervals (pp. 17-18), and, secondly, the 84 yods belonging to the first four enfolded polygons enfolded in each half of the inner Tree of Life that either are not centres of polygons or do not coincide with Sephiroth (pp. 23–24). Such correspondences demonstrate powerfully that the lowest five layers of the disdyakis triacontahedron form a Tree of Life pattern in themselves. This could have already been anticipated, because the number 168 is the structural parameter of the superstring — the manifestation in the subatomic world of the Tree of Life blueprint. Indeed, this is why the number 168 is the number value of the Mundane Chakra of Malkuth, the Sephirah of the Tree of Life denoting the physical universe of space and time. The 84:84 division of geometrical elements in the last five polygons of vertices, which start with the 6sided polygon, has its counterpart in the pair of joined hexagons belonging to the polygonal form of the inner Tree of Life. 168 more yods (84 per hexagon) are needed to transform their sectors into three tetractyses (Fig. 12). Furthermore, it is remarkable that the 12-sided polygon in the middle of the seven layers of vertices requires 168 more yods to construct its sectors from three tetractyses. Figure 13 shows this property for the dodecagon. The fact that the sides of the 12-sided polygon are unequal in length is irrelevant. As 13 – 1 = 168 = 3 + 5 + 7 + … + 25, assigning the first 12 odd integers after 1 to the vertices

of this central 12-sided polygon generates the number 168 as their sum. This is an example of the beautiful coherence between number and sacred geometry. It also illustrates the Tetrad Principle because the four-fold sequence of 8-sided, 10-sided, 6-sided and 12-sided polygons ends with one that embodies a number of universal significance, namely, the very number 168 that defines the form of an E8 ×E8 heterotic superstring because each of its 10 curves makes 168 circularly polarized oscillations during one half of a revolution around its spin axis. It manifests in the disdyakis triacontahedron as its 168 edges above and below its equator that give it a 3-dimensional shape. 4. The seven polygons encode the roots of E8. The seven polygons have 240 geometrical elements surrounding their centres, of which 72 belong to the uppermost two layers and 168 belong to the five lowest layers. This 72:168 division appears in the structure of the non-zero roots of the superstring gauge symmetry group E8 . The roots of the E8 algebra can be described in terms of eight orthonormal unit vectors {ui }. Eight zero roots correspond to points at the centre of the root diagram and 240 non-zero roots all have length √2. They are given by: ±ui ±uj (i, j = 1, 2, …, 8) and ½(±u1 , ±u2 , … ±u8 ) (even number of +’s) Their explicit forms as 8-tuples and their numbers are listed below: (1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) and all permutations. Number = (-1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) and all permutations. Number = 8 2 = 28; 8 2 = 28; (1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) and all permutations. Number = 2× 8 = 56; 2 (-½, -½, ½, ½, ½, ½, ½, ½) and all permutations. Number = 8 = 28; 2 (-½, -½, -½, -½, -½, -½, ½, ½) and all permutations. Number = 8 = 28; 2 8 (-½, -½, -½, -½, ½, ½, ½, ½) and all permutations. Number = = 70; 4 168 (½, ½, ½, ½, ½, ½, ½, ½). Number = 1; 72 (-½, -½, -½, -½, -½, -½, -½, -½). Number = 1. The 240 non-zero roots of E8 comprise 168 non-zero roots made up of four sets of 28 and one set of 56 and 72 non-zero roots comprising one set of 70 and two single ones. Remarkably, surrounding the seven centres of the polygons are as many geometrical elements (240) as there are non-zero roots of E8 , the first two polygons having as many elements (72) as there are non-zero roots of E6 , an exceptional subgroup of E8 of much interest to physicists seeking to extend the Standard Model of particle physics using superstring theory. This provides highly convincing evidence that superstring physics is encoded in the pattern of vertices belonging to the seven layers of the disdyakis triacontahedron. The 2:5 division of layers generating the 72:168 division of geometrical elements surrounding centres of polygons reflects the distinction in the Tree of Life between the two Sephiroth of Construction — Chesed and Geburah, which lie outside its Lower Face, and the remaining five Sephiroth of Construction that span it. The eight zero roots of E8 consist of seven zero roots of one kind and one zero root of another kind. The former are denoted by the seven centres of the polygons and the latter is denoted by the topmost A vertex of the disdyakis triacontahedron (see Fig. 10). 7 The 72:168 division was encountered in Article 26 in discussion of the construction of the disdyakis triacontahedron from tetractyses. When its 180 internal triangles formed by its centre and each edge of the polyhedron are divided into three tetractyses and its 120 triangular faces are turned into single tetractyses, there are 1680 (=168×10) geometrical elements surrounding the axis that joins two diametrically opposite A vertices. When each of its 120 faces is constructed from three tetractyses, there are 2400 (=240×10) such elements, i.e., an extra 720 (=72×10) elements are added. What is being represented geometrically here are the root structures of the superstring gauge symmetry group E8 and its exceptional subgroup E6 , for E8 has 168 non-zero roots that do not belong to E 6, which has 72 such roots.

Every simple root of E8 is associated with a Yang-Mills gauge charge — the source of a 10-dimensional Yang-Mills gauge field. The factor of 10 in these properties therefore encodes the information that each gauge field has ten space-time components. The layers of the disdyakis triacontahedron encode the number of 10-dimensional gauge fields defining the unified superstring force, whilst the various numbers of geometrical elements making up the interior and exterior of this polyhedron are the numbers of components of these fields. They represent the number of bits of information needed to define the gauge fields of the superstring in 10-dimensional space-time. In the context of the disdyakis triacontahedron, the additional 720 elements correspond to the (240×3=720) components of these fields in 3-dimensional space. The 72:168 division of the non-zero roots of E8 appears in the E8 ×E 8 heterotic superstring as the distinction between the three major whorls and the seven minor whorls in the object described over a 8 century ago by Annie Besant and C.W. Leadbeater as being the basic unit of matter (Fig. 14). As the 3×24 = 72 72 geometrical elements 7×24 = 168 168 geometrical elements Figure 14. The (72+168) gauge charges of E8 spread along the three major and seven minor whorls of the E8 ×E8 heterotic superstring correspond to the 72 geometrical elements of the two uppermost polygons of vertices of the disdyakis triacontahedron and to the 168 elements of its lowest five polygons. manifestation in the space-time continuum of the Tree of Life blueprint, the major whorls correspond to the Supernal Triad of Kether, Chokmah and Binah, whilst the minor whorls correspond to the seven Sephiroth of Construction. Besant & Leadbeater connected them to the three “solar Logoi” and to the seven “Planetary Logoi:” “The Anu is a sun in miniature in its own universe of the inconceivably minute. Each of the seven whorls is connected with one of the Planetary Logoi, so that each Planetary Logos has a direct influence playing on the very matter of which all things are constructed. It may be supposed that the three conveying electricity, a differentiation of Fohat, are related to the Solar Logos.”9 Although each whorl is a separate closed curve that never intersects itself or touches one another, this separateness is an illusion, existing only in ordinary 3-dimensional space. The curves are the 3dimensional cross-sections of a hyper-dimensional object embedded in a higher, 15-dimensional space with a topology such that its cross-section is a set of ten closed curves topologically equivalent to circles, each one twisting 2½ times in an outer circuit and 2½ times in a tighter revolution around the spin axis of the spin-½ superstring. A 1-dimensional curve embedded in 26-dimensional space-time has 24 transverse vibrational degrees of freedom. These generate generalised 24 Kaluza-Klein gauge fields that, on compactification of the 16 dimensions beyond superstring space-time, become 24 Yang-Mills gauge fields of E8 existing in 10-dimensional space-time. Their charges are spread along each curve, 24 to each one. The three major whorls have 72 E 8 gauge charges and the seven minor whorls have 168 charges. The former are the gauge charges of E6, an exceptional subgroup of E8 , and the latter are the remaining gauge charges of E8 . They correspond in the seven polygons of vertices of the disdyakis triacontahedron to the 72 geometrical elements surrounding the centres of the two uppermost polygons and to the 168 elements around the centres of the lowest five polygons. The first of these polygons has 24 elements, the second has 24 edges and 24 vertices and triangles, the third has 24 elements and the last two polygons have 72 elements. These sets of 24 elements are the polygonal counterpart of the 24 gauge charges

4 5 60 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 . The 8-sided polygon at the base of the disdyakis triacontahedron has 80 vertices, edges & triangles surrounding its centre. 80 is the number value of Yesod, the penultimate Sephirah. Its meaning — ‘foundation’ — is appropriate, given that this is the lowest polygon. The first two polygons have 36 vertices, 90 edges and 54 triangles surrounding their centres, which total 180 geometrical elements. The last five polygons have 84 vertices, 210 edges & 126 triangles surrounding their five centres, totalling 420 elements. With single triangles as sectors, the last five polygons have 84 edges. Once again, the heterotic superstring structural parameter 84 appears. The number of edges & triangles in the lowest five polygons = 210 + 126 = 336. This, too, is a structural parameter of the superstring, being the number of circularly polarized oscillations in one revolution of each whorl of the UPA/superstring. Both numbers are consistent with the Tetrad Principle governing Tree of Life parameters because 2 2 2 2 2 2 84 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 and 2 2 2 2 336 = 4×84 = 2 ×84 = 2 (1 + 3 + 5 + 7 ) 2 2 2 2 = 2 + 6 + 10 + 14 . As 10 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 and 2 2 2 2 30 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 , the number of edges of the 180 triangles is 2 2 2 2 300 = 10×30 = (1+2+3+4)(1 +2 +3 +4 ). The number of edges and triangles is 4 5 6 7 5 6 7 8 480 = 2×240 = 2(2 + 2 + 2 + 2 ) = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 = 4×120 = 2 (2 + 4 + 6 + 8 ) = 4 + 8 + 12 + 16 . This property again illustrates the Tetrad Principle. The number of geometrical elements surrounding the seven centres is 600, which has the tetractys representation: 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 + 2 2 2 + 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 600 = 4 2 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 2 4 5 2 4 2 4 4 2 + 5 2 2 5 5 2 2 5 2 5 5 2 5 2 2 5 5 2 . Remarkably, this is the number of geometrical elements surrounding the axis of the disdyakis triacontahedron, for it has 60 vertices surrounding this axis, each joined internally to its centre as an edge of an internal triangle, 180 edges, each the edge of an internal triangle, and 120 triangles — a total of (60+60+180+180+120=600) elements. The Divine Name EL assigned to Chesed with number value 31 prescribes the seven layers of vertices because the total number of vertices is 127, which is the 31st prime number. In view of the fact that there are seven layers, it is fitting that 127 is the seventh Mersenne prime number! EL prescribes the disdyakis triacontahedron also because it consists of 31 vertices and their mirror images. The Divine Name YAH assigned to Chokmah with number value 15 prescribes the vertex composition of the polygons because 120 vertices surround their centres and 120 is the 15th triangular number: 120 = 1 + 2 + 3 + … + 15. Including the apex and nadir of the disdyakis triacontahedron, there are 129 vertices. This is the number value of YAHWEH SABAOTH, the Godname of Netzach, showing how the Godname of the seventh Sephirah prescribes the seven layers of vertices in the disdyakis triacontahedron. We saw earlier that the 8-sided polygon at the base of the disdyakis triacontahedron comprises 80 vertices, edges & triangles when its sectors are divided into three triangles. With these triangles regarded as tetractyses, the polygon has 120 yods around its centre. In other words, it has as many yods around

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in each sector are at the centres of tetractyses, so that (12n+1) yods lie on the boundaries of the 3n tetractyses. The seven polygons have (12×60+7=727) boundary yods. 727 is the 129th prime number, showing the remarkable way in which YAHWEH SABAOTH, the Godname of Netzach (the seventh Sephirah) with number value 129, prescribes the seven layers of vertices in the disdyakis triacontahedron. 720 boundary yods surround the seven centres. This constitutes a Tree of Life pattern because the seven separate, regular polygons of the inner Tree of Life have 720 yods surrounding their seven centres when their sectors are constructed from three tetractyses. The two sets of polygons are compared in Fig. 19 (for the sake of clarity, the regular counterparts of the polygons in the seven layers are shown). It is yet more proof that the disdyakis triacontahedron is the polyhedral form of the Tree of Life. The first four polygons have (12×36+4=436) yods on the edges of tetractyses. Of these, 76 are vertices, where 76 is the number value of YAHWEH ELOHIM, Godname of Tiphareth, leaving 360 (=36×10) yods. YAHWEH ELOHIM prescribes the first four polygons in terms of their vertices and the Godname ELOHA with number 36 prescribes those yods that are not vertices. The first or last three polygons with 24 vertices have (12×24+3=291) yods lying on edges of tetractyses. 1 2 3 4 288 yods surround their three centres, where 288 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 , showing how the integers 1, 2, 3 & 4 symbolized by the tetractys express properties of Tree of Life patterns. They have 240 geometrical elements surrounding their centres. As the seven separate polygons of the inner Tree of Life have 288 yods surrounding their centres and 240 hexagonal yods, this indicates that each set of three polygons constitute a Tree of Life pattern, just as the first four polygons do. Table 7 indicates that the seven polygons need 907 yods to build them out of tetractyses. 907 is the 155th prime number, where 155 is the number value of ADONAI MELEKH, the Godname of Malkuth. This is a truly sublime property, for it powerfully demonstrates how the Godname of the most material Sephirah — Malkuth — arithmetically prescribes the number of yods needed to construct all seven polygons from tetractyses. ADONAI MELEKH also prescribes the fourth polygon because it has 156 12 hexagonal yods, where 156 is the 155th integer after 1. Article 26 showed that the number of yods other than polyhedral vertices needed to construct each of its 120 faces from three tetractyses is 1560 (= 156×10), so that ADONAI MELEKH prescribes the shape of the surface of the disdyakis triacontahedron as well as its interior polygons. The last three polygons have 363 yods. This is the number value of SHADDAI EL CHAI, the complete Godname of Yesod. It differentiates between the first four layers forming half of the polyhedron and its remaining three layers. The latter have 48 vertices surrounding their centres, that is, they have 51 vertices. 51 is the 50th integer after 1, showing how ELOHIM, the Godname of Binah with number value 50, differentiates the first four layers of vertices from the last three layers. The first two polygons have 272 yods. This is the number value of Cherubim, the Order of Angels assigned to Yesod. The seven polygons have 187 yods that lie on internal edges of tetractyses. This is the number value of Auphanim, the Order of Angels assigned to Chokmah. The first four polygons have 112 such yods. This is the number value of Beni Elohim, the Order of Angels assigned to Hod. 36 of these are vertices, leaving 76 radial yods that are not vertices of the disdyakis triacontahedron. YAHWEH ELOHIM therefore prescribes the four layers of each half of the disdyakis triacontahedron. The number of yods other than polyhedral vertices that lie on the 300 edges of the 180 tetractyses in the first four polygons is 400 = 2 (2+4+6+8) . This is another beautiful illustration of the Tetrad Principle because 400 is the square of the sum of the first four even integers. 6. Encoding of the superstring structural parameter 336 The disdyakis triacontahedron has 60 vertices, 180 edges and 120 triangular faces (360 geometrical elements) surrounding any axis passing through two diametrically opposite vertices. The fourth polygon of vertices forming its equator has 12 vertices and 12 edges, totalling 24 geometrical elements. (360– 24=336) elements lie above and below the equator, 168 on either side. As the polyhedron has 180 edges, there are (180–12=168) edges above and below its equator, 84 on either side. There are 48 vertices above and below the equator, 24 vertices on either side. Furthermore, there are 60 triangles on each side of the equator. Therefore, the 168 geometrical elements on each side comprise 24 vertices, 84 edges and 60 triangles, that is, 84 edges and (24+60=84) vertices and triangles. Once again, we find the 84:84 division in the superstring structural parameter 168. It is created by the mirror symmetry of the disdyakis triacontahedron whereby every geometrical element has its mirror image, both 84’s referring to the same upper or lower half of the polyhedron. Its inversion symmetry divides the 336 elements into two sets of 168 geometrical elements, one the mirror image of the other.

the 24 lines in the upper trigrams of the eight diagonal hexagrams and the 24 corners on the other side correspond to the 24 lines in the lower trigrams. The 168 yods associated with each set of polygons that are not corners correspond to the 168 lines and broken lines in the 28 hexagrams on either side of the diagonal. The fourth polygon in the disdyakis triacontahedron has (6+6) polyhedral edges, (6+6) polyhedral vertices, ((6+6) internal edges and (6+6) internal triangles, that is, eight groups of six geometrical elements. They correspond to the eight diagonal hexagrams, each with six lines/broken lines. The disdyakis triacontahedron is the polyhedral counterpart of the ancient I Ching table of 64 hexagrams, each line or broken line denoting a geometrical element of its faces and internal polygons. The 12 lines and 12 broken lines in the lower trigrams of the diagonal hexagrams correspond to the 12 vertices and 12 edges of the fourth polygon. The 168 lines and broken lines in the 28 off-diagonal hexagrams in the lower half of the table correspond to the 168 geometrical elements in the faces either above or below the equator. The 12 lines and 12 broken lines in the upper trigrams of the diagonal hexagrams correspond to the 12 internal edges and 12 triangular sectors of the 12-sided polygon, whilst the 168 lines and broken lines in the hexagrams above the diagonal correspond to the 168 elements that are the mirror images of the other set. There are (48+168+168=384) elements in the faces of the disdyakis triacontahedron and in its central polygon, i.e., lines and broken lines in the I Ching Table. This is the 383rd integer after 1. 383 is the 76th prime number, showing how YAHWEH ELOHIM, Godname of Tiphareth, prescribes the disdyakis triacontahedron. The seven polygons in the disdyakis triacontahedron have 60 internal edges and 60 internal triangles (30 edges and 30 triangles per half). Including the 168 external elements in the first three layers and similarly for the last three layers, there are (30+30+168=228) elements and their mirror images other than the 12 vertices and 12 edges in the equator of the disdyakis triacontahedron. Including the top and bottom A vertices, there are 229 elements in each half of the disdyakis triacontahedron other than its equator. 229 is the 50th prime number, showing how ELOHIM with number value 50 prescribes the disdyakis triacontahedron. Figure 21 depicts the inner Tree of Life counterpart of this. There are 228 yods other than external corners of polygons associated with each set of seven polygons (456 yods in total). Outside Figure 24. Constructed from 2nd-order tetractyses, the seven regular polygons constituting the inner Tree of Life contains 3360 yods. the root edge are 227 yods in each set of polygons other than their corners. The Divine Name EL CHAI of Yesod with number value 49 prescribes this set of yods symbolizing the geometrical elements of the seven polygons because 227 is the 49th prime number and 228 is the 227th integer after 1. Associated with either set of the first six enfolded polygons are 168 yods symbolizing the 168 elements in the three polygons above or below the equator. 60 yods symbolizing the 60 elements inside each half of the disdyakis triacontahedron are associated with each dodecagon. The first six polygons in the Tree of Life and their mirror images, reflected across the root edge, are the counterpart in the disdyakis triacontahedron of the first three layers of polygons and their mirror images, inverted through the centre of the polyhedron. The (6+6) enfolded polygons constitute a Tree of Life pattern in themselves because they are prescribed by the ten Godnames. The simplest example of this is the fact that they have 50 corners, where 50 is the 13 number value of ELOHIM, Godname of Binah (the complete prescription is given in Article 4). As before, the 168 yods associated with each set of the first six polygons symbolize the 168 geometrical elements in each set of three polygons, whilst the 24 corners on each side of the root edge denote the 24 vertices and edges on the equator and the 24 edges and triangles inside the polyhedron (Fig. 22). These degrees

of freedom mark out the boundary of the new Tree of Life pattern just as the 48 elements create the polygon that completes the sequence of polygons forming half of the disdyakis triacontahedron — a Tree of Life pattern in itself as the remainder of the polyhedron is merely its mirror image Figure 23 displays the equivalence between the seven layers of polygons with 60 vertices and the first (6+6) regular polygons of the inner Tree of Life. The six vertices of the fourth polygon and their mirror images correspond to the five centres and one end of the root edge on either side of the root edge. The eight vertices of the first polygon correspond to the eight external corners of the decagon. The 10 vertices of the second polygon correspond to the 10 external corners of the first four regular polygons. The six vertices of the third polygon correspond to the six external corners of the octagon. The mirror symmetry of the inner Tree of Life corresponds to the invariance of the disdyakis triacontahedron under inversion. Figure 18 shows that each curve of the E8×E 8 heterotic superstring makes 1680 circularly polarised oscillations as it twists five times around its axis. 336 oscillations occur during one complete revolution, 168 in each half revolution. They correspond to the 168 geometrical elements defining the shape of each set of three polygons. The 24 polyhedral vertices and edges on the equator correspond to the 24 E8 gauge charges that are spread along each curve. E8 ×E8 has 336 non-zero roots that do not belong to the subgroup E6 in each factor. Their associated gauge charges are sources of 10-dim ensional vector gauge fields, which therefore have 3360 14 components. As discussed in Article 31, there are 28 regular and semi-regular solids defined by the vertices of the disdyakis triacontahedron. When their faces are constructed from tetractyses, they have 3360 hexagonal yods that symbolize the seven Sephiroth of Construction. This amazing property shows 1 21 =2 22=4 1 2 3=31 4 9=32 23=8 8 27=33 3 6 9 12 18 27 Figure 25. Plato’s Lambda and its tetractys interpolation how the superstring parameter 3360 is present in the geometrical potential of the disdyakis triacontahedron as a number characterizing the forms of all the possible polyhedra within it. It is a Tree of Life parameter because, when the seven enfolded polygons of the inner Tree of Life are constructed not from the tetractys but from its next higher order — the 2nd-order tetractys — it is found to have exactly 3360 yods (Fig. 24). This is the number of circularly polarized oscillations made by all ten curves of the E8 ×E8 heterotic superstring during one complete revolution. Following through with the analogy with the 168 elements in the 60 faces of the disdyakis triacontahedron above or below its equator, it would be more accurate to associate each set with the inner or outer half of the superstring curves, so that the 168 elements in one set correspond to 168 oscillations in an outer half-revolution and the 168 elements in the other set correspond to the 168 oscillations made as the curve winds in a half revolution in the core of the 1 2 4 8 15 6 12 15 ( ) yods 21 ( ) yods 27 ( ) yods 27 ( ) yods 3 9 18 27 90 yods 21 27 27 Figure 26. The sums of the four diagonal rows of integers in the Lambda Tetractys are the numbers of yods in the first four polygons of the inner Tree of Life outside their shared root edge.

superstring. It is truly remarkable that the same number 168 should be encoded not only in the faces above or below the equator but also in the fourth polygon forming the equatorial plane as the extra number of yods needed to construct its 12 sectors from three tetractyses! 6. The Platonic Lambda In his Timaeus, Plato described how the Demiurge measured the World Soul, or substance of the spiritual universe, as a strip divided according to the simple proportions of the first three squares of 2 and 3. This is traditionally represented by his ‘Lambda,’ so-called because of its resemblance to the Greek letter Λ (Fig. 25). These numbers line two sides of a tetractys array of ten numbers from whose relative proportions the scientists and musicians of ancient Greece worked out the frequencies of the notes of the 15 now defunct Pythagorean musical scale. The numbers missing from the Lambda are shown in red in Fig. 25. The sum of the 10 integers is 90 and the sum of the integers 1, 8 and 27 at the corners of the tetractys is 36. The seven integers at the centre and corners of the hexagon shown in Fig. 25 with dashed edges add up to 54 and the sum of the integers at the corners of the hexagon is 48. The archetypal nature of this arrangement of integers was demonstrated in previous articles. It is known today for how it generates the tone ratios of the notes of the Pythagorean musical scale, the ancient father of the modern equal-tempered scale. What is not realised by historians of music and mathematics 16 17 18 is that it has connections to the I Ching table, superstrings, the seven musical scales and the nature 19 of the spiritual cosmos. This is because it is the arithmetic representation of the universal Tree of Life pattern underlying these examples of holistic systems. The first four enfolded polygons in the inner form 1 2 3 4 6 9 8 12 18 27 ≡ Figure 27. The numbers in the four diagonal rows of the Lambda tetractys denote numbers of yods in the enfolded triangle, square, pentagon & hexagon. of the Tree of Life have 90 yods outside their shared edge (Fig. 26). This is the sum of the ten numbers of the Lambda Tetractys. This cannot be coincidental because the yod populations of the individual polygons are also the sums of diagonal rows of integers in the Lambda! Indeed, the individual numbers in each diagonal row can be seen to denote different sets of yods in each polygon (Fig. 27)! They are listed below: Triangle 1 centre; 2 2 hexagonal yods on horizontal edge of tetractys; 4 4 hexagonal on 2 internal edges; 8 8 yods on edges of triangle & at centres of 3 tetractyses. Square 3 centre & 2 corners; 6 6 hexagonal yods on sides of square; 12 12 internal hexagonal yods. Pentagon 9 9 yods at corners & centres of 5 tetractyses; 18 18 hexagonal yods. Hexagon 27 27 yods. 20 Article 26 showed how the Lambda Tetractys matches the tetractys composition of the disdyakis

triacontahedron. Constructed from tetractyses, its 120 triangular faces divide into (120×3=360) tetractyses. Each of its 180 edges is the side of an internal triangle formed by two vertices and its centre. They are constructed from (180×3=540) tetractyses. The total number of tetractyses forming the disdyakis triacontahedron= 360 + 540 = 900. The following correspondences appear: Lambda Tetractys Sum of 10 integers = 90 Sum of integers at corners = 36 Sum of integers at centre and corners of hexagon = 54 Disdyakis triacontahedron number of tetractys = 900 = 90×10; number of tetractyses in faces = 360 = 36×10; number of internal tetractyses = 540 = 54×10; number of internal tetractyses having edges of rhombic triacontahedron = 60 = 6×10; number of internal tetractyses without edges of rhombic triacontahedron = 480 = 48×10; number of tetractyses without edges of rhombic triacontahedron = 840 = 84×10. Integer at centre = 6 Sum of integers at corners of hexagon = 48 Sum of integers surrounding centre = 84 3 3 3 The numbers 1 , 2 and 3 at the shape-defining corners of the Lambda Tetractys add up to 36, which is the number of tetractyses whose yod population is the number of tetractyses creating the shape of the disdyakis triacontahedron. The seven numbers located at the centre and corners of a hexagon add up to 54 — the number of tetractyses whose yod population is the number of tetractyses inside the disdyakis triacontahedron. Notice that the number 36 — the number value of the Godname ELOHA — defines the external shape in both cases and that the number 54 in both cases defines the interior. Moreover, the largest of the seven integers in the hexagon is 18, whilst the number of internal tetractyses creating the 180 edges is 180 = 18×10. Lastly, of the 900 tetractyses in the disdyakis triacontahedron, 60 (=6×10) are tetractyses having edges that are edges of the rhombic triacontahedron, leaving 840 (=84×10) tetractyses other than these. The integer 6 at the centre of the Lambda Tetractys therefore corresponds to the 60 internal tetractyses of the disdyakis triacontahedron sharing edges with the rhombic triacontahedron, whilst the sum (84) of the integers on the boundary of the Lambda Tetractys correspond to the 840 additional tetractyses needed to construct the disdyakis triacontahedron. Six arithmetic properties of the Lambda Tetractys correlate precisely with the geometry of the disdyakis triacontahedron. This cannot be coincidental. Instead, it demonstrates that the Lambda Tetractys and the disdyakis triacontahedron are, respectively, arithmetic and geometric expressions of the same universal archetype expressing the holistic nature of God. Table 7 indicates that the seven polygons formed by the vertices of the disdyakis triacontahedron have 900 yods surrounding their centres, that is, the number of yods in 90 tetractyses. The first four polygons in half the disdyakis triacontahedron have 540 yods surrounding their centres. This is the number of yods in 54 tetractyses. The remaining three polygons have 360 yods surrounding their centres — the number of yods in 36 tetractyses. This 54:36 division is identical to that displayed by the Lambda Tetractys. 60 yods of the fourth (12-sided) polygon other than its centre lie on its sides and on radial edges of tetractyses — the number of yods in six tetractyses. They correspond to the number 6 at the centre of the Lambda Tetractys. There remain 480 yods surrounding the centres of the first four polygons — the number of yods in 48 tetractyses. They correspond to the sum (48) of the integers at the corners of the hexagon in the Lambda Tetractys. There are (900–60=840) yods in the seven polygons not lying on the sides of the fourth polygon and radial edges of tetractyses. They correspond to the sum of the integers surrounding the integer 6 at the centre of the Lambda Tetractys. As 2 29 – 1 = 840 = 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + … + 57, the second perfect number 28 defines the number 840 because the latter is the sum of the first 28 odd integers after 1. The third perfect number 496 is the dimension of the two possible gauge symmetry groups of superstrings (O(32) and E8 ×E 8). As discussed in Section 5, 840 is also the number of circularly polarised oscillations made during 2½ revolutions in an outer or inner half of each of the ten closed curves making up the heterotic superstring (see Fig. 18). As the seven polygons have 900 yods around their centres, of which 60 are vertices of the disdyakis triacontahedron, 840 yods surround their centres that are not polyhedral vertices. In other words, 840 extra yods are needed to construct the seven polygons from tetractyses. The appearance of the superstring structural parameter 840 in the polygons formed by the vertices of the disdyakis triacontahedron is astounding and demonstrates the form-creating character of this number. It was encountered earlier in the analysis of the disdyakis triacontahedron, when it was found to have 840 tetractyses not sharing edges with the 60 edges of the rhombic triacontahedron formed by B and C vertices. The seven polygons therefore collectively encode both the

form of the superstring and its gauge symmetry group E8 . As we saw earlier, the central polygon needs 168 extra yods to construct it from tetractyses. It, too, embodies a superstring structural parameter, for each closed curve of the heterotic superstring makes 168 oscillations during half of a complete revolution around its spin axis. To summarise, the following remarkable correspondences exist between the Lambda Tetractys, the disdyakis triacontahedron and the seven polygons formed by its vertices: Lambda Tetractys Sum of 10 integers = 90 Disdyakis triacontahedron 900 (=90×10) tetractyses 7 Layers 900 (=90×10) yods surround 7 centres; Sum of integers at corners = 36 360 (=36×10) tetractyses in 120 faces 360 (=36×10) yods in lowest 3 polygons surround 7 centres; 540 (=54×10) tetractyses inside polyhedron 540 (=54×10) yods in first 4 polygons surround 7 centres; 60 (=6×10) internal tetractyses with edges of rhombic triacontahedron 60 (=6×10) yods on edges of sectors of 4th polygon surround 7 centres; 480 (=48×10) internal tetractyses do not share edges of rhombic triacontahedron 480 (=48×10) other yods in first 4 polygons surround 7 centres; 840 (84×10) tetractyses do not share edges of rhombic triacontahedron 840 (=84×10) yods surround centres other than those on edges of 4th polygon. Sum of integers at centre and corners of hexagon = 54 Integer at centre = 6 Sum of integers at corners of hexagon = 48 Sum of integers surrounding centre = 84 The amazing parallels demonstrate the holistic nature of the disdyakis triacontahedron because the construction of both its external shape and its seven interior polygons from tetractyses conforms to the archetypal Lambda Tetractys array of integers, whose ratios determine the tone ratios of the notes of the Pythagorean musical scale. The corners of a tetractys symbolize the Supernal Triad and its seven hexagonal yods denote the seven Sephiroth of Construction. The former correspond to the three lowest layers and the latter correspond to the first four layers in half the polyhedron. The yod at the centre of a tetractys symbolizes Malkuth, the lowest Sephirah signifying the material aspect of the Tree of Life, e.g., the physical universe. Its counterpart in the seven layers of the disdyakis triacontahedron is the form-generating boundary of the Figure 28. The 12-sided polygon in the middle of the disdyakis triacontahedron has 156 hexagonal yods when its sectors are constructed from three tetractyses. ADONAI MELEKH, Godname of Malkuth with number value 155, prescribes this central polygon because 156 is the 155th integer after 1. Furthermore, 155 hexagonal yods are associated with each of the two dodecagons belonging to the inner Tree of Life when their sectors are each constructed from three tetractyses. 12 sectors of the polygon in the central layer of vertices. This is delineated by 60 yods (36 yods on the edges of the polygon and 24 yods inside it). Division of these sectors into three tetractyses requires 168 more yods (see Fig. 13). This is the number value of Cholem Yesodeth, the Mundane Chakra of Malkuth, confirming the correspondence with Malkuth of the number 6 at the centre of the Lambda Tetractys and the 12-sided polygon as the middle layer of the disdyakis triacontahedron. The 12-sided polygon has 156 hexagonal yods, where 156 is the 155th integer after 1, showing how ADONAI MELEKH, the Godname of Malkuth, prescribes this polygon. 155 is also the number of hexagonal yods associated with each

dodecagon in the inner Tree of Life when each of its 12 sectors is divided into three tetractyses (Fig. 28). The number 156 is also the sum of the first 12 even integers that can be assigned to the vertices of a 12sided polygon (Fig. 29). Remarkably, it is the sum of the letter values of all possible combinations of the Divine Name YHVH assigned to Chokmah with number value 26: Y = 10, H = 5, V = 6 Y+H+V YH + HV + YV + HH YHV + HVH + HYH YHVH = = = = 21 52 57 26 TOTAL = 156 This illustrates the mathematical power in a Godname, for the disdyakis triacontahedron is the 26th of the family of 13 Archimedean solids and their duals — the 13 Catalan solids, and so it is chosen by YAHWEH as the mother shape encoding the archetypal pattern of the form of the Tree of Life. According to Table 7, the number of hexagonal yods in the seven polygons is 780. This is the sum of the first 12 multiples of 10 that can be assigned to its 12 corners: 780 = 10 + 20 + 30 + … + 120. The 12-sided dodecagon is the tenth regular polygon and 120 is the sum of the first ten odd integers: 120 = 3 + 5 + 7 + … + 21. The number 10 or Decad was called “All Perfect” by the ancient Pythagoreans. We see that it defines 1. the 120 vertices surrounding the centres of the seven polygons when they are constructed from tetractyses, 2. the 780 hexagonal yods that these tetractyses contain and 3. — through the Lambda 24 2 22 156 = 4 20 6 18 8 16 14 12 Figure 29. The sum of the first 12 even integers assigned to the corners of a 12-sided polygon is 156. This is the number of its hexagonal yods when its sectors are constructed from three tetractyses. 10 Tetractys, when its numbers are multiplied by 10 — the 900 yods that surround their centres. Truly, 10 is the measure of divine perfection, whose polyhedral manifestation is the disdyakis triacontahedron. 7. Encoding of the superstring parameters 840 &1680 Considered as tetractyses, the 60 sectors of the seven polygons are made up of 360 yods surrounding their seven centres. Four of their 60 edges connect pairs of A vertices (see the 10-sided polygon in Figures 3 & 4). These are not edges of the disdyakis triacontahedron. The seven polygons share 56 sides with it, leaving (180–56=124) unshared edges. Each one has two hexagonal yods. The 124 unshared edges have (124×2=248) hexagonal yods. This is the dimension of the superstring gauge symmetry group E8 . There are nine hexagonal yods inside each of the 120 faces of the disdyakis triacontahedron when divided into three tetractyses, i.e., (120×9=1080) hexagonal yods, and 120 vertices, totalling 1200 yods. The polygons have four sides with eight hexagonal yods unshared with the faces of the disdyakis triacontahedron. They have (360–8=352) yods that are either inside them or lying on edges shared with the polyhedron. The faces and internal polygons of the disdyakis triacontahedron have (248+1080+120+352=1800) such yods. Of these, (1800–120=1680) are yods that are not vertices inside faces. Other than the vertices of the polyhedron, they are all hexagonal yods. Its mirror symmetry means that every one of the 840 yods in one half of the polyhedron has a yod that is its mirror image. This 840:840 division manifests in the E8 ×E8 heterotic superstring as the 840 circularly polarized waves in its outer half and the 840 waves in its inner half (see Fig. 18). Divided into three tetractyses, a face of the disdyakis triacontahedron has three internal edges, three triangles and a vertex, making seven geometrical elements. The 120 faces therefore have (7×120=840) elements inside them. The appearance again of the number 840 is further evidence that the disdyakis triacontahedron encodes the oscillatory form of the E 8×E 8 heterotic superstring.

of vertices and the lowest A vertex. Kether is the seed point from which the Tree of Life grows. The 56 edges of the polygons shared with the disdyakis triacontahedron define 56 tetractyses with (6×56=336) yods surrounding their centres. 168 yods are in the 28 tetractyses in each half of the polyhedron. 84 yods lie on their edges and 84 yods are inside them. The 168:168 pattern is the same as that displayed by the edges of the disdyakis triacontahedron above and below its equator. The four shared edges not included in the counting have 24 yods, just as the 12 edges in the 12-sided polygon in the equator have 24 hexagonal yods. In fact, the pair of dodecagons in the inner Tree of Life has 336 yods other than their corners, 168 in each one (Fig. 31). The 56 sectors of the polygons whose edges are shared with the disdyakis triacontahedron have 840 yods surrounding their centres when they are divided into three tetractyses. This is the same as the number of yods other than corners in all 60 sectors of the seven polygons. In the former case, we have 56×15 = 840, where 15 is the number of yods per sector; in the latter, we have 60×14=840, where 14 is the number of yods per sector other than corners. Amazingly, both cases encode the same superstring parameter 840. However, as each sector has 10 geometrical elements (two vertices, five edges and three triangles), the 56 sectors have (56×10=560) elements. Each set of 28 sectors has 280 elements. 280 is the number value of Sandalphon, Archangel of Malkuth. This is a remarkable conjunction in the same context of the number values of an Archangel and Mundane Chakra of the same Sephirah, for we have just seen that the 28 sectors have 168 yods surrounding the centres of their polygons and 168 is the number value of the Mundane Chakra of Malkuth. The 56 shared edges have (2×56=112) hexagonal yods. 112 is the number value of Beni Elohim, the Order of Angels assigned to Hod. There are also 112 hexagonal yods on the 56 radial edges of the 56 sectors. Including the seven centres, 119 yods line the sectors. The disdyakis triacontahedron has 180 edges and 62 vertices, so that (180×2+62=422) yods lie on its edges. (119+422=541) yods line the edges of the polyhedron and the 56 sectors of its polygons. Two of these are the top and bottom A vertices. (541–2=539) yods other than these vertices therefore line the (180+56=236) edges. Amazingly, 539 is the sum of the Godname numbers of the seven Sephiroth of Construction: 31 + 36 + 76 + 129 + 153 + 49 + 65 = 539. This demonstrates the constructive power of the Divine Names. The faces of the disdyakis triacontahedron have the top and bottom A vertices, 124 edges and 120 triangles that it does not share with the seven polygons, that is, 246 geometrical elements. This is the number value of Gabriel, the Archangel of Yesod. There are 127 yods on the internal edges of all 60 sectors of the polygons. There are (422+127=549) yods lining both polyhedral edges and polygonal sectors. Excluding the centres of the three polygons on each side of the equatorial plane, there are 543 boundary yods. This is the number value of EHYEH ASHER EHYER (“I am that I am”), the complete Godname assigned to Kether. With its faces constructed from three tetractyses, the disdyakis triacontahedron has seven yods lying on edges of tetractyses inside each face. There are (120×7=840) such yods. Together with its 62 vertices Chesed Geburah Yesod Geburah Chesed Hod Netzach Tiphareth Tiphareth Malkuth Yesod Hod Netzach Figure 32. The seven layers of polygons between opposite A vertices correspond to the seven Sephiroth of Construction. The two sets of three layers on either side of the central layer (Malkuth) correspond to the two triads of Sephiroth of Construction above Malkuth (denoted by the differently shaded triangles).

and 360 hexagonal yods lying on its edges, the polyhedron has (840+62+360= 1262) boundary yods, that is, 1260 yods other than its two opposite A vertices. This is the number value of Tarshishim, the Order of Angels assigned to Netzach. Of the 541 yods lining the edges of the polyhedron and the 56 sectors with edges shared with it, 67 are vertices of the polygons. (541–67=474) yods other than vertices lines these edges, creating their shapes. 474 is the number value of Daath (“knowledge”), the non-Sephirah. The number 539 is the sum of 474 and 65, the number value of ADONAI, Godname of Malkuth. It measures “knowledge of the Lord”. 8. The two sets of three polygons The seven Sephiroth of Construction of the Tree of Life are grouped above Malkuth into two triads: Chesed–Geburah–Tiphareth and Netzach–Hod–Yesod (Fig. 32). In terms of human psychology, they represent, respectively, the transpersonal levels of human consciousness and the incarnated personality (loosely, “Spirit” and “Soul,” respectively). The two sets of three polygons above and below the equatorial plane of the disdyakis triacontahedron correspond to this 3:3 pattern, with the Malkuth aspect represented by the 12-sided polygon, the last of the enfolded polygons of the inner Tree of Life, which we saw earlier embodies the number value of Cholem Yesodeth, Mundane Chakra of Malkuth (see Fig. 13). A polygon and its mirror image are the counterpart of two Sephiroth of Construction on the same pillar. 9. The Godnames prescribe the seven layers of polygons Below are listed the ways in which the Godnames of the ten Sephiroth mathematically define properties of the seven layers of vertices in the disdyakis triacontahedron between two diametrically opposite A vertices: disdyakis triacontahedron has 21 layers in 3 perpendicular sets of 7; 21 A and B vertices in first 4 polygons and their 21 mirror images; 41 vertices of sectors in first 4 polygons (including top A vertex). 41 = 21st odd integer after 1; 5 lowest polygons with 168 geometrical elements have 42 sectors. 42 = 21st even integer; 210 (=21×10) hexagonal yods in last 5 polygons; 73 yods in 4th polygon. 73 = 21st prime number; EHYEH ASHER EHYEH: 543 543 yods other than centres of 1st three polygons on each side of equator lie on the edges of the disdyakis triacontahedron and sectors of 7 polygons. Kether EHYEH: 21 Chokmah YAH: 15 15 Golden Rectangles in 3 perpendicular sets of 5; 15 sets of seven layers created by 15 opposite pairs of A vertices; 15 A vertices in half of disdyakis triacontahedron and their 15 mirror images; 47 vertices of sectors of lowest 5 polygons. 47 = 15th prime number; 120 vertices of 180 tetractyses in 7 polygons surround their centres. 120 = 1 + 2 + 3 + … + 15; YAHWEH: 26 26 A and B vertices (or A and C vertices) in first 4 polygons; 51 vertices in first (or last) 3 polygons. 51 = 26th odd integer. Binah ELOHIM: 50 229 geometrical elements in each half of polyhedron (including top or bottom A vertex). 229 = 50th prime number; 51 vertices in first (or last) 3 polygons. 51 = 50th integer after 1. Chesed EL: 31 31 vertices in each half of polyhedron; 127 vertices of sectors of 7 polygons. 127 = 31st prime number. Geburah ELOHA: 36 360 (=36×10) geometrical elements in faces surround axis; 36 vertices of first 4 polygons; 36 yods along perimeter of 4th polygon; 360 (=36×10) geometrical elements surround centres of first 4 polygons with 36 vertices/sectors; 360 (=36×10) yods surround centres of 7 polygons; 360 (=36×10) hexagonal yods on boundaries of 108 tetractyses in first 4 polygons. Tiphareth YAHWEH ELOHIM: 76 76 vertices of tetractyses in first 4 polygons;

384 elements in faces of disdyakis triacontahedron and in central, 12-sided polygon. 384 = 383rd integer after 1. 383 = 76th prime number. Netzach YAHWEH SABAOTH: 129 129 vertices in 180 tetractyses of 7 polygons, including the top and bottom A vertices; 727 yods on boundaries of 180 tetractyses in 7 polygons. 727 = 129th prime number. Hod ELOHIM SABAOTH: 153 307 yods on boundary of 60 sectors of 7 polygons. integer after 1. Yesod EL CHAI: 49 49 geometrical elements in 4th polygon; 49 yods in first (or last) polygon. 363 yods in first (or last) 3 polygons. SHADDAI EL CHAI: 363 Malkuth ADONAI: 65 ADONAI MELEKH: 155 307 = 153rd 129 vertices in 180 tetractyses of 7 polygons. 129 = 65th odd integer; 907 yods in seven polygons. 907 = 155th prime number. The last property is perhaps the most remarkable of these demonstrations of the power of Godnames to define properties of a Tree of Life system such as the disdyakis triacontahedron. Very aptly, the number value of the Godname of the Sephirah Malkuth signifying the outer form of the Tree of Life defines a prime number that is the very number of yods creating the complete form of the seven polygons! References 1 Phillips, Stephen M. Article 32: Derivation of the Bones & Classical Acupoint Compositions of the Human Body and Their Relationship to the Seven Musical Scales,” http://www.smphillips.8m.com/article32.pdf. 2 Phillips, Stephen M. Article 33: The Human Axial Skeleton is the Trunk of the Tree of Life,” http://www.smphillips.8m.com/article33.pdf. 3 Phillips, Stephen M. Article 15: “The Mathematical Connection Between Superstrings and Their Micropsi Description: a Pointer Towards M-theory,” http://www.smphillips.8m.com/article15.pdf, p. 13. 4 Phillips, Stephen M. Article 18: “Encoding of Planetary Distances and Superstring Structural Parameters in the I Ching Table, http://www.smphillips.8m.com/article18.pdf, p. 19. 5 Phillips, Stephen M. Article 21: “Isomorphism Between the I Ching Table, the 3×3×3 Array of Cubes and the Klein Configuration,” http://www.smphillips.8m.com/article21.pdf, pp. 3–4. 6 Phillips, Stephen M. Article 16: “The Tone Intervals of the Seven Octave Species and Their Correspondence With Octonion Algebra and Superstrings,” http//www.smphillips.8m.com/article16.pdf. 7 Phillips, Stephen M. Article 26: “How the Seven Musical Scales Relate to the Disdyakis Triacontahedron,” http://www.smphillips.8m.com/article26.pdf, p. 15. 8 Besant, A. and Leadbeater, C.W. Occult Chemistry, 3rd ed., Theosophical Publishing House, Adyar, Chennai, India, 1951. 9 Ibid, p. 14. 10 Phillips, Stephen M. Article 1: “The Pythagorean Nature of Superstring and Bosonic String Theories,” http://www.smphillips.8m.com/article01.pdf, p. 5. 11 Ref. 7, p. 20. 12 Ibid, p. 16. 13 Phillips, Stephen M. Article 4: “Godnames http://www.smphillips.8m.com/article04.pdf, pp. 2–5. Prescribe Inner Tree of Life,” 14 Phillips, Stephen M. Article 31: “The Musical Nature of the Polyhedral Tree of Life,” http://www.smphillips.8m.com/article31.pdf, pp. 30–31. 15 Phillips, Stephen M. Article 11: “Plato’s Lambda — Its Meaning, Generalisation and Connection to the Tree of Life,” http://www.smphillips.8m.com. 16 Phillips, Stephen M. Article 20: “Algebraic, Arithmetic and Geometric Interpretations of the I Ching Table,” http://www.smphillips.8m.com/article20.pdf, pp.18–22.