The interconnections between philosophy and science in ancient Greece

Hyperboreus Vol. 1 (1994) Fasc. 1 B AHTHUHOCTH‘ AGS vak ZAND, LL. vaas >. Lu AN B3aumooruomenna Hayku u dunocodbum [po6nembl, paccMarpuBaeMmble B Tok CTATLE, KaCalOTCA HEKO- TOPBIX OÖUINX 32KOHOMEPHOCTEÏ B3anMooTHOWEHHÄ Mexay HayKol n dunocopneli B antHunyio anoxy. Mon paccyxaenna GyAyT oc- HOBLIBATLCA HA HEKOTOPbIX NPEeANOCHINKAX, KOTOPbIe B 3TON pabore He MoryT ÖbITb OGOCHOBANEI, HO, KAK MHE NIPeACTABAAETCH, MOTYT U AONMKHLI GLITh Hà3BaHl. [leppas n3 Hux KacaeTCA caMoro CcymeCTBORaHKA Hayku B auTHUHOCTH, — BEJIb MHOTHE HCTOPHKM HaYKM IIPeMIOUKHTAIOT CBA3LIBATb cc BO3HHKHOBeHHe € anoxok Peneccanca Han naxe c Hayunofi pesontoune XVII 8. Mexoaa u3 To konnenunn nayku, KoTopan cuuraer ee BaxkHeflliuM SNCMEHTOM TANOTETHKO-NEAYKTUBHLIÄ MeTOA (COOTBEeTCTBEHHO, B MATEMATHKE AKCHOMATNKO-NEAYKTMBHLIN)?, A Nonaraio, UTO HeT HHKAKUX NPUNYUNUAADHLT pasnuunf Meikıy Haykoï atttnunoctn Hosoro ppemenn. Bo-propuix, 4 npu3naro He TONBKO pazanune HCTOPHUECKHX nyreï Pa3BATUR PHAOCOPHK U HAYKH, HO H UX NPYHUMTIMANBHYIO Hayka u dnnocodpun B aHTMUNOCTH 75 Mbl OAHOH WKONe, Apyrofi wKOAOH MoxeT BOOGIE He IPH3HABATLCH B KauecTBe npo6nemtt. Ocnopubie THNLI pnrocobckoro MHpoBo33peNHA, BbinennBllmeca B aHTHYHOË praocoduu, CYINECTBYIOT u noble, A PASBHTHE dunocohun BHIPaxaercH B NOABNEHHN HODLIX BapMaHTOB 8THX OCHOBILIX THNOB, B YTOUHEHAM M O6OraleHUM HHTepnpetaunii B HONB3Y KaHOTO H3 HHX. Ocnosurie Bonpocpt, koToprie a XoTen 6bI NOCTaBHTE, 3By4aT CHEAYIOWHM o6pasom: 1) B KaKo# cTeneun anruuxan dnnocobun OKa3bIBala BAMAHMe Ha AHTHUHYIO Hayky (N Hao6opor); 2) kakım GbIAO BTO BANAHNMe — TOPMO3ALIHM HAK CTAMYAHPYIOLLNM? Meropua ne maer Ham npnmepos oGmtecrn, B KOTOPEIX Opt ite Obino dunocobnn, HO BOSHMKAa H pasBunallacb Haykat. B ro xe BpeMsI, 3apomaenne Hayku B ['peuuu u ee nozpoxzenne B 3ananuoñ Eppone conporoxnanoce passurnem bunocobuu. KonduryPauH pocTa Hay4Horo u punocodckoro 3HaHUA GLIA, pazyMeerca, Pa3lM4HHMK. Ho B n1060M cay4ae MbI MMeemM Aero c npHMepoM ANNTERLHOTO H NOTH HeñpepBiBHoro (ecan HCKAIOUMTD pannec Cpeanesexosbe) cocyutecrBoBanna HayKK M bnnocopuyn. Mx B3auMoOTHOWENNA YaCTO ONKCHIBAIOT TAKUM o6pa30m, 4TO B Ilonoe Bpema unocopun pasBuBanacb NOA NOCTOAHHLIM BO3REÂCTBHEM H3YKH, B TO BpeMA KAK B aHTMUHOCTH CHTyauns GEA * 7 H HAYUHBIX MeTOAOB H Teopyÿñ Ha pasbu- Y nac ects neficruntensho Macca npuMepos ups- ABHOTO BAMANKA omtako: A. Koyre, De l'influence des conceptions philosophiques sur cient Medicine, ed. O. & L. Temkin, Baltimore 1967, 407 f. Cu. ZapaxrepHoe Bbicka3binanue: «Since the beginnings of Greek thought, philosophy and science proceeded arm in arm, undifferentiated, essentially the same enterprises (ft. J. L. Edelstein. Recent Trends in the Interpretation of Ancient Science {/ Anl'évolution des théories scientifiques // Études d’histoire de la pensée philosophique, Paris 1971, 253 ff.; S. Sambursky. Leitmotive wissenschaftlicher Theorienbildung // Eranos-Jhrb. 48 (1979) 1-33. 5 Cp., $ Mexay Tem nporunononoxmme npHMepn uanecruit: a Mitaun u Kurae craRonsenge furocodun nponcxonano Ges DANAHHR NAyYKM. Fr. Krafft. Geschichte der Naturwissenschaft I, Freiburg 1971, 17 f. Ero Moanbukauneñ annaerca npeacrasnenne o cymecrpopanuu B aNTMUHOCTK HexoH CHHKPETHAHOË chepui, cocroaute u3 eme He OTACAHBIKXCH APYT OT Apyra braocopuu u Hayku’. Hexoroppie OTHOCAT STOT CHHKPETH3M AMIE K HAUANBHOMY NepHosy rpeuecKoli rato, UTO Te3HC o TOM, UTO bunocobua Honoro Bpemenn Ghina B 3TOM OGMeHe AOMHHUMpyioulel CTOpoHoN, expa AN Moxer GITE oGociosan®, Mexay TEM HMeHHO aTOT Tesuc noctyaupyetcn nn AHTAUHOCTH. Moro oGparnoii®. Hay4Hyto npo6- 2NHCTEMONOTHUECKYIO pasliopoanocTk?, B camom o6uem pure ee THe GPHIOCOPCKHX BIPAAHOB B TEYEHKHE HOCHEAHHX YETbIPexXcoT net. IIpumepoB o6parnoro BAUAHHA Take HEMal0, HO A HOJHA- HAABHO HepaspemmMmbi. Hayunbe npo6nemt, ecru onn nPaBNNLHO MOXHO CŸOPMYAHPOBATR CHEAYIOIHAM O6pa3OM: JIeMy MOXHO ycnellHo peimmTb, dunocobekne npobnemst NPHHUHI- Bmecre c Tem, cyx- NOCTABJICHbI, PAHO HJK NO3AHO NOAYUAIOT cBoe paspemenne, 1u60 CHUMAIOTCA, ECM OKK HEKOPPEKTHO nocTaBhenb (NPA TOM OHM HACTO NepexoANT B paspan burocobcknx). Aenua o HAYUHOCTH TON HK KHO npOGrEME, BLICKA3allHLle B ompeACHIEHHO€ BPEMA, He O6A3ATENLHO AOMKIBI GLITh OKOHYATEILHbIMM. Vssecrns npnMepn, Korna runoresa nonroe BpeMs cyulecTByeT n Buue Purocopekoë TEOPHH, H anwb nO3 Ke npespautaerca B npob- Tercr nactommea craton Onit npounTau B KauecTne AOK Aaa B Koncranıckom ynavcpcurere (1991) m Bepanuckom Texnuueckom yuunepcutere (1992). Ee K.R. Popper. Logic of Scientific Discovery, London 1959. Cacayromme cooGpaxenhA OCHOBBIBAIWTCA Ha nornane: A.M. 3aùyes. Duno- Hemeukni BapHanT Hancuaran a: Sudhoffs Archiv 78 (1994) 1-13. AeMy, pa3pelinMmyIo HayHHblMH MeTogamu (HANPHMep, aTOMHCTHyeckasn Teopua). Purocodckue BONPOCHt OHHO3HAUHBIX MH OÖLICIHAUNMBIX petueunf ao cnx nop ne nonyyann. To, uro kaxeren peuiennem npo6ne* ? Fritz. Grundprobleme der Geschichte der antiken Wissenschaft, Berlin 1971, 3 ff. codun 4 Hayka B antnunofl KyaLType // BMET 4 (1988). Cu. raxxe: K. von

Hyperboreus Vol. 1 (1994) Fasc. 1 B3aumMoorHomennua Hayku u dunocobunu B AHTHUHOCTY* Ipo6nemsI, paccmarpuBaembie B ato CTATbe, KaCaloTCA HekoTOPBIX OGOMIMX 3aKOHOMepHocCTef B3AHMOOTHOIIEHAË MEXILY Haykoii M bunocobneii B aurnunyro anoxy. Mon paccyxaenna GyAYT ocHOBLIBATbCA Ha HEKOTOPEIX IIpeAMOCblIkax, KOTOpble B 3Tof paGore He MOryT 6bITE OGOCHOBAHEI, HO, Kak MHe HpeACTABIAeTCA, MOTYT U HOMKHbI 6bITb HA3BAHEI, Ilepsas u3 unx Kacaerca caMoro CymeCTBOBAHUA Hayku B aHTHYHOCTH, — BEJIb MHOTHE MCTOPHKH HayKH NPEAMIOUMTAIOT CBA3bIBaTb ee BO3HAKHOBEHHE C 3noxof Peneccanca Hau axe C HayuHofi pesomouneñ XVII 8. Mexoaa u3 roi konnenuuu Hayku, KoTopas cuuTaeT ee BaxHeÄm nM 31EMEHTO M THIOTETH KO-HeAYK THBHLIË MeTOA (COOTBETCTBEHHO, B MaTeMaTUKe AKCHOMAT 1e YKTHBHBI HKOË )?, A Mowarato, UTO HET HUKAKUX NPUNYUNUAMLHBIT PASIMUMË MeXKAY HayKof anTuunHoctu u HoBoro Bpemenn. Bo-BTopsix, # Hpu3Hato He TONBKO pasimuue HCTOPHUECKHX nyrteú pa3sBuTua PHIOCOPHK u HaYKM, HO u UX HPMHUKHNMANBHYIO SIMCTEeMONOTHYecKyIo pasHopoanocts°. B camom oGmtem suze ee MOXHO CGOpMyJIUpOBATb CIEAYIONAM O6Pa3OM: Hayumyio mpo6€MY MOXHO YCHeliHO peumtb, PHAOCOÏCKHE npoOremH HPHHIHHIIHaTBHO HepaspemmMbl. Hayunbie npo6neMbI, ecu onu m1paBHabHO HOCTABJIEHbI, paHO HJK HO3AHO NOIYUAIOT cBoe paspemenme, M60 CHUMAIOTCA, CIM OHM HEKOPPEKTHO MHOCTABIEHEI (pu 3TOM OHM 4acTo nepexonaT B paspan punocopcKux). Bmecte c Tem, cyxACHHA O Hay4HOCTH TOK HJK HHOÏ IPo6NeMEI, BbICKa3aHHble B onpeHeleHHoe BpeMA, He OGA3ATENEHO HOI KHL GLITh OKOHYATEINLHEIMM. Masecraei npumepsl, Kora TunoTesa monroe Bpema cyllecTByeT B Bue PHAOCOPCKOË TEOPAH, H AMI NO3KE Npespamaetca B IIPo6neMy, paspellMMy!o HayHHbIMM MeTonaMu (HanpuMep, aTOMHCTHueckaa Teopua). K.R. Popper. Logic of Scientific Discovery, London 1959. Carexnyiomme coo6paxenua ocHOBHBalOTCA Ha nornane: A.M. 3atiyes. Duno- Texcr HacToamei crarpu 611 npounran B Kauecrse noknana 8 Koncramickom yasepcurere (1991) u Bepauncxom Texumaeckom ynunepcurere (1992). Ee HeMEILKMH BAPHAHT Hanevaran 8: Sudhoffs Archiv 78 (1994) 1-13. ®unocobckne BOnpocH OAHOSHAUHEIX U OGME3HaUHMEIX pemeHHË AO cux nop He nonyyasn. To, uro kaxerca pemenueM npo6ne* 2 copHa H Hayka B aHTHunoH kyasrype // BMET 4 (1988). Cm. raxxe: K. von Fritz. Grundprobleme der Geschichte der antiken Wissenschaft, Berlin 1971, 3 ff.

Konpury- VUcropusa He na Gki10 PHIOCOGHH, HO BO3HAKIA H Pa3BHBAJACh Hayka*. B To Bpema, 3apoxzeHue Hayku B ['peuuu n ee BO3pOXIeHHe B ZananHom Eppone coNpoBOKAanoch Pa3BHTHEM @unocopuu. Cpenuesekosbe) cocyINeCTBOBAHUA Haykn u punocopun. paumn pocTa Hay4Horo u PUNOCOPCKOTO 3HaHKA 6bINM, pasyMeeTCA, pomM pasnnunsimn. Ho B a1060M ciy4ae MbI MMeeM Neno C IIpPHMe ANMTENBHOTO H MOUTH HenpepbIBHOTO (ecnn MCKIIOUMTh paHHee Ux B3aHMOOTHOIMEHHA YacTo ONMCHIBAIOT TAKUM O6pa3z0M, UTO B Hosoe »pema Punocopna pasBuBallacb TION MOCTOAHHBIM BO3neñcrBHeM HayKM, B TO BpeMA KaK B aHTMYHOCTM CHTyalMmA Gna o6patHoli®. Y Hac ecTb AeficTBuTenbHo Macca TPMMEpOB npsMoro U ABHOTO BAMAHMA HayHHblX MeTOLOB M TeOPHÂ Ha PasByTue bunocobckux B3TIAAOB B TeueHHe MHOCHEAHHX HETBIPEXCOT net. Ilpmmepos o6paTHoro BAMAHMA Take HeMano, HO A TOJaGEla rato, UTO TE3HC O TOM, UTO purocoua Hosoro BpeMexH OLITb B 3TOM oG6MeHe HOMMHHpYIOIEË CTOpPOHOË, eUBA JIM MOXET mogrenme bunocodum npoucxonmo 6e3 BAMAHMA HAyKM. 17 f. Fr, Krafft. Geschichte der Naturwissenschaft I, Freiburg 1971, craMexay Tem NPOTHBONONOXHBIe NpHMEpH H3BECTHH: B Vnu u Kurae o60cHoBaH®. Meikay TeM HMEHHO 3TOT Te3HC HOCTyJIMPyeTCA AA aHTM4YHOCTH. Ero monubukKauuel aBnaerca npeAcTaBeHHe O CyINeCTBOBAHNN B aHTMUHOCTM Hekofi cuuKperuunoùë chepsl, cocrosmeï u3 eme He ornenuBuuxca apyr OT Apyra purocopuu u HayKu’. Hexkoroprie OTHOCAT 3TOT CHHKPETH3M JIKUIb K HaHaJIbHOMY mIepMOly rpeueckoïñ 4 5 [. Edelstein. Recent Trends in the Interpretation of Ancient Science // Anbildung // Eranos-Jhrb. 48 (1979) 1-33. Theorienque, Paris 1971, 253 ff; S. Sambursky. Leitmotive wissenschaftlicher hiques sur 6 Cp., ommaxo: A. Koyré. De l'influence des conceptions philosop il'évolution des théories scientifiques // Études d'histoire de la pensée philosoph ? ses (R.J. science xapakTepHoe cient Medicine, ed. O. & L. Temkin, Baltimore 1967, 407 f. Cm. proceeded arm in arm, undifferentiated, essentially the same enterpri BEICKasbiBaune: «Since the beginnings of Greek thought, philosophy and

JIA. 2KMy re Hayku®, IpyTue NOJIATAIT, uro Hayka crama CAMOCTORTENEHOË Tonbko B XVII 8.° Ecrecrsenno, uro sTor CHHKPeTH3M nosBonser ropa3Zo Nerye OGEACHATE 3aBMCHMOCTb Hay4HbIX Teopuf OT duno- COŸCKHX B3TAANOB. 3aBMCMMOCTL STA ONeHMBaeTCA TEMH, KTO ee IPMHHMAET, IIo-pasHoMy. Tak, HanpyMep, cuuraerca, uro IlnaTOH CTMMYJIMpoBan CTAHOBJIEHKE TOUHEIX Hayk!®, B TO BPEMA Kak TOCHOACTBO apHCTOTEIK3Ma NPENATCTBOBANO PA3BHTUEO du3uKu!!. pyrue, nanporus, nonaraiot, UTO IINATOHW3M 3aTOPMO3HA PasBuTHe 3MIHPHUECKHX UccnenoBannül?, Torna Kak NepunaTeTMKM eMy enoco6crBoBann!?. Jaa nubaropeñckoñ mkonb enBa nu He camo co6bof pasymetomunmen cuuTaeTca MOIIHOE BAMAHMe uHCIOBOÏ pu- Murvensurpacc rosoput B ato craam, name o XIX m8: J. Mittelstraß. Platonism and the History of Science // Proc. Am. Philos. Philosophie und Wissenschaft // Die Möglichkeit von Wissenschaft, Frankfurt IO. B nNepmon eJumnusMa: G. Giannantoni. Scienza e filosofia nell’eta ellenistica // La scienza ellenistica, ed. G. Giannantoni, M. Vegetti, Napoli 1984. 1. Dxanantoun ocnapusaer, OAHAKO, €pa3sBol» MEK Iy HAYKOË A bu nocohnmeä 21, 1988, 2). Hankinson. Introduction. Science and Certainty: The Central Issues // Apeiron AOCOPHH Ha CTAHOBIEHHE MATEMATHKH H aCTPOHOMHH. IIpexne uem nepeñrn kK ouenke 3TUX B3rnaHoB, cHeAyeT oTMETUTb, UTO y Hac HET HMKAKHX OCHOBaHUM a priori npeanonaraTb TIPMHUMIMAJbHbIe PasıuymA B xapakrepe B3AHMOOTHOIMEHAËA HaYKH H Purocobuu B pasHbie nepwogsr’*, Ecau ceñuac cmecp ® ° a.M. 1974. Soc. 66 (1927) 159-182; F. Solmsen. Platos Einfluß auf die Bildung der wis- 10 P. Shorey. senschaftlichen Methode // Quel. u. St. z. Geschichte der Naturwis. 1 (1931) 93-107; Ch. Mugler. Platon et la recherche mathématique de son époque, Stras- V. Hösle. Platons Grundlegung der Euklidizität der Geometrie // Philologus 126 bourg 1948; A. Frajese. Platone e la matematica nel mondo antico, Roma 1963; (1982) 184-197. ‘A. Koyré. Metaphysics and Measurement: Essays in Scientific Revolution, Cambridge 1968, 1 ff, 16 ff. 12 P. Brunet, A. Mieli. Histoire des sciences. Antiquité, Paris 1935, 210 ff; G. Sarton. A History of Science: Ancient Science Through the Golden Age of Greece, Cambridge 1952, 395 ff.; E.J. Dijksterhius. Die Mechanisierung des Weltbildes, Berlin 1956, 14 ff. 21969, 80 ff. 8 Sarton. Op. cit., 473 ff, 492 ff.; B. Farrington. Science in Antiquity, Oxford N. Kretzmann, Ithaca 1982, 112). 14 «A yGexnen, uro MareMarmueckne HayKu [B aHTHUHOCTH] 60M noUrK nommocTbEO ABTOHOMHbI, B TO BpeMA Kak bHAOcobcKue AMCKyCCMM YacTo NOJYUAJIM NONNep=Kky M HPpOoAcHeHHe CO CTOPOHH MaTeMarukn... Moi garaan coorperCTBYET TOMY, UTO MOXKHO CUHTATE OGBIYHEIM OTHONIEHHEM ME Iy MATEMATHKOË u bunocopuelt B revenue Boe mcropuu 4 ocoGenno B HeNaBHee Bpema» (W.R. Knorr. Infinity and Continuity: The Interaction of Mathematics and Philosophy in Antiquity // Infinity and Continuity in Ancient and Medieval Thought, ed.

YHHEHAAX BCTPEUAIOTCA U YHCTO MeTAH3HUECKHE, U HaY4HBIE HAEH. Ho maxe ecnn OHM caMM He OCO3HaBam pasiMunii MEXJIY HMMM, aTO BOBCe He OCHOBaHHe, UTOOBI Mb HX Takıke He paaııumyann Mm He BUAeNM, UTO STM MeN MMeLOT COBepIleHHO pa3sHyto cyasby. Hanpumep, waer AHakcnMmanıpa o nexamefi B OCHOBe Bcex Bemet cy6cranımn (td &xetpov) 10 CHX Nop IPMHHMAEeTCA MHOTHMH Cuuraerca, uro ANA Tpekog bonee xapakTepHa @urypa MbIcdunocobamm, Torma Kak ero yTBePKAeHHE, ATO 3Be3ibl Gınxke K 3emne, uem JIyna u Coanue, Gro OTBEPrHYTO yxe B CHEAYIOIMEM nokonenun!®. Ilapmenux B onHof u TOK Xe KHuTe MCA MH O HEM3MEHHOCTH H BeUHOCTH GHITHA, U © TOM, TO JlyHa CBeTUT OTpaxeHHEIM cBeroM. O6e stru nnen cymlecTByIoT u cefiyac, HO OfHa B KauecTBe Merapusuueckoë nPpeANOCELIKM, Torna Kak Apyraa — B KauecTBe AOKa3aHHOrO HayuHoro hakTa. B KOHLE KOHIOB, KHUTA — 3To IML dopMa nNonaum MaTePHaïa, Hay4Haa MIed MOKET GITE BELABMHYTA M B NMCEME APyry, H B JAHEBHMKE, M JAKE BO BPEMA becenbi 3a yamkof Kope — AO MIM noce pasroBopoB © Torode, weHax Hau nonmutTuke. Tor bakt, UTO yueHbIf MOMAMO HaYKH MOXET 3aHUMaTbca elle u coTHeH Apyrux zen, a Punocop — HBO HHTepecoBaTbcA Hay4HbIMM IIPOÖNeMaMN, HMKAK He M3MeHACT STIUCTEMorornuecKoro craryca o6enx oGsacreú. IUTENA, OAMHAKOBO NIOAOTBOPHO 3aHHMaBINeTOCA M HayKOË, u punoconeñ, Takux, kak Anaxcumangp, Indarop nan APHCTOTEINS. Ho yem cyINecTBeHHBIM OHM OTAH4AIOTCA OT Kanra, JlekOnuua Han Paccena!®? Ecnu anech M ecTh pasnMuMf, TO CKOpee B TOM, UTO MEK JIy DHIOCOPCKMMH U Hay4HBIMM TEOPHAMH ONHOTO U TOTO XE marcnutena Hosoro BpeMeH MOXHO HaËTU Gombe TOUeK CONPAKOCu dunocopueii, H MaTeMaTHKOÏ, HO KAKOBA CBA3b MEXIy TNPHNMCEI HOBEHMA, ueM y Aocokpatukop. JlefctsntensHo, Panec saunmanca 15 3atiyes. Yx. cou., 165. 16 OrTMeTuMm mpm 2T0M, uro, kpome ®aneca u [lubaropa, B aHTHAHOCTH He 61110 HM omtoro smaumresibkoro hHJrocoa, AoOHBmTerocA CEPHESHEX PE3YABTATOB B MaTeMaTHKe.

JL A. Kmy Baemoli emy Mee o TOM, uTO BCe MpOMCXOAMT M3 BOMB, M ero AOKA3ATENECTBOM TeopeM? CymecrBoBara IM 3Ta cBA3b BooGme!7? JlomKHEI 1M MbI MCXOAMTS M3 Toro, UTO oHa CymtecrBoBaaa? Pasymeerca, Ana Toro, KOMy 3Ta CBA3L CaMooueBM AHA, 1OHOGHbI@ BONPOCbI NOKaKYTCA HAaMBHBIMM, M OH yKaxKeT Ha Mero BceoGme 3aKOHOMEPHOCTH M KOCMHUECKOTO nopaaka, koropaa NPOABHiach B oGeux chepax neatensuoctn Paneca. Onmako unen 3aKOHOMEpHOCTH CymecTBOBalla B rpeueckoï KYABTYPe 3anoaro mo ®aneca m Hama cBoe OTPaxEHKHE B CAMBIX pasHoo6pa3HEIx yAOCOPCKHX CHCTEMAX, Hanpumep, y Tepaknuta, KoTopsii ynopHo TBEPAHI O KOCMHUECKOM NOpsAAKe, HO OT HAYUHBIX MCCHENOBAHHË Gein BecbMa nanek. Mexny Tem umenno y ®aneca npencras neHHe o Bceoßmefi 3aKOHOMEPHOCTH OTBICKATE JOBONBHO CIOXKHO!S . B To xe BpeMA HenOHATHO, KAK HJef 3aKOHOMe PHOCTH cama no cebe MOKET TIPMBECTH K HEAYKTHB HOMY HAOKA3ATE JIBCTBY OUeBHJHBIX MATEMATMUECKHX akTOB, HarpHMep , UTO Yranl PH OCHOBAaHHK PaBHOGeJPeHHOTO TpeyronbHúkKa paBHbl. BasnnonaHam Takxe He Oplla Uyxjla Wied Mopanka, HO OHa peanmsoBanach y HUX B ŸOPME apupMernueckux CXeM JiBuikenua manet, a He B opme HayuHofi acrporomuu. Hakoneu, ecrb MHOxecTBO penuTHO3HbIX HallpaBJeHuú, yrBepxAatomux nomHyto npenonpenenenHOCTb B IIPupone H yenoBeuecKofi KH3HH, UTO OTHIOJIB He cnOcobcTByeT NpeApacnonoxeHHOcTH K HayuHoù JeATENBHOCTA HocuTenef OTHX B3PIAH0B. B mmo6om cnyuae, MareMaruueckaa Teonorusa Ilpoxıa unm «Òrukan CnunosH, AOKasblBaeMan MM JIelyKTHBHBIM Crioco6oM, AeMOHCTPHPYIOT kya Gomee OUeBHAHBIE npHMEpbl BIHAHUA HaYKH Ha PuTocopuw, ueM npumep c Panecom — BIUAHHE B o6paTHom Hanpasıennn!®, Cnennannzauna Hayk 4 dunocobun BO3zHHKaET B F'peuuu Ha YAnBleHue pano. Yxe Ha pyGexe VI-V BB. Mer BHAMM duryPEI &YHCTBIX® YUeHBIX, HanpHMep, Kreocrpara uz Tenezoca nau lekares Munerckoro, u «uncTsıx> dunocobos, TaKHX, Kak l'epaxANT HIK 3enon Dreñcknñä. B revenue V B. ata cnennannsanns yrayOnsetca, B ocobeHHOcTH B Hayke?®. Or Brinarommmxca MareMa- BPEMEHH. 7 Pox Spun (Grundprobleme, 12 ff.) nucan B caasM c aTUM o ABYX TEHIEHUAAX, KOTopble y Pareca eme «weitgehend getrennt sind». 18 B ssisone Kpapta o Tom, uro y areca MH BEAM €HecucremaTHyecKoe paccMOTPEHHE OTIeIbHbiX apnenmú» (Krafft. Op.cit., 85 {.), BepoaTHO, ects HekoTopoe IpeyBerHueHHe, HO B HelOM C HAM MOXHO CormacHTECA. 19 He menee croxxo o6HapyHMTE CBA3b MexAy aCTPOHOMHUECKOË Moresrio ÂHAKCHMAHAPA H HOCTyAAPYEMBHIM HM MeTabnanyeckuM HayaıoM (zò äretpov). *° Cxomme nponeccH ubhepenumaunm xopomo 438eCTHM u 43 ucTopun Hoporo

uro 03Hayala 3Ta CBA3b M KTO B 9TOM COZAp Bpina m Gvin Aamınefi cropoHoñ, a KTO — socnpnaaMaromeñ? IlnaAxkanemuA Kak TaKOBaf LEHTPOM HAy4HbIX uccrenosannñ?? HHKOT AA rou Gnin Apyxex c Peonopom, Apxutom, TeaTeToM, HO OHM M aK He Obli ero yHeHHKaMu, — HaOGOPOT, OH yYMICA y HUX na TUBHO wcnoib3oBan ux 3Hanua. Ms npambix yuennkos Ilnaro HO 910 mum Apuctotenb AOGHACA HOJIMIMHHOTO yCrexa B Hayke, B TeX npomsouIo yxe noce ero yxona 43 Akanemun, K TOMY xe B HepHaykax, KOTOPbIMM B AKazeMHH HMKOTAà He 3aHMMANMCh, ®unuon Bylo ouepexs, B Suonormm. Jpyroú yuennk Inarona, CTA MM Onyurekuù, vin mpopeccHoHalbHbiM ACTPOHOMOM, HO OH Bpeeme go Toro, kak npumen x Ilzarony®*. Kak nopamano KpaTKo He MeHHoe npeGbiBanue B AKaleMMH Ha MOJOHOPO Erzokca, MbI H Y 3HaeM; M3BECTHO, BO BCAKOM CAy4ae, UTO MATeMAaTNKe OH YUMIC A COOÖINEHHAMM. de KHLIMH 21 @parmentn DK 41 A 5, 6 npamoTca NOSAHAMH H HEH Scientism and 22 O6 «antunayunoli ycranoske» Coxpata cm.: R. Olson. Science, History of Anti-Scientific in Hellenistic Athens: A New Whig Interpretation // 16 (1976) 179-199. Science n 23 Tak nonarast: F. Solmsen. Plato and the Unity of Science // Kleine Schrifte Acade- Philippe d’Opunte, my, Oxford 1987; F. Lasserre. De Léodamas de Thasos 4 I, Hildesheim 1968, 326-331; D.H. Fowler. The Mathematics in Plato's us Napoli 1987; K. Gaiser. Philodems Academica, Stuttgart 1988. B naccaxe e (kom. KHuru PunoneMma, HACTHUHO COXPAHABIMEMCA Ha TEPKY/AAHCKOM nanmpyc tos) denTenbHocYT), ropoputca o TOM, UTO Inaron pyxonomua (dpyttextovodv , npanmcagnre1610 Onmskux K Akanemuu Mmaremarukos. l'unoresa l'añsepa ICA K Ilnarony; dparmentu (fr. 42, 43, 71 Wehrli), ouenk KpHTHHECKH OTHOCHI Ilaneoro ator TekCT Jlukeapxy, Kamerca MHe oueHb MasOBepomTHOH. bl, A UTO rpadHueckMe OCHOBAHHA TAKOTO OTOM/IECTBIEHMA ManoybenuteibH UHO kacaerca cOJlepKaHMA maccaxa, TO OTMeyy CHeNVIOMEE: TEKCT OIHO3HA BaloT BCE ero NPMHANNEKUT IINATOHHKY, HEPHIATETHK XE Jlukeapx, Kak TOKAsbI , HTO 06 mmrepece Jlukeapxa K MaTeMaTMKe MBI HHUETO He 3HaeM; CTPAHHO ATOPCKHE Ilukeapx, mpusepxenen vita activa, CTOMb BBICOKO IEHMAI OPrAHM3 ycuaua []natona B o62acTH MATEMATHKH. a He Huxakux, Bipovem, OTKpbITWÄ aHTAYHAH Tpammunn c HMEHEM @uaunn CHASHIBACT, M Maske COUMHEHMA, NPMNMCHIBaembIe EMy y CYABt, BECEMA COMHHTENBHE.

JA. Kmyre Apxura (D.L. VIII, 86). Yuenne Esnokca o «Gnares 3BYYHT COBCEM He HO-MJIATOHOBCKH, à eTO NOMbITKA BMemaTbCA B akaleMHUECKYIO (Met. 991 a 12 f.). AMCKYCCHIO 06 HNenx ÖbIna enBa AM He BLICMesHa Apucroterem AHTHUHEIE HCTOPHKH, HAUHHAS c 9parochena u KoHYas IIpokIOM, Hepenko pucytor [Inatona opranusaropoM u BAOXHOBHTeNeM HAyYHBIX HCCHENOBAHHA, OJHAKO, ECM OCHOBHIBATECH Ha panHUX CBUNETENBCTBAX, KAPTUHa Gyger coBceM apyroú. Akanemus IIPMBlleKala MHOTHX Kak IICHTP MHTEIIEKTyalbHOÄ *KM3HU, apyrue CTPEMMAIHCE TIOSHAKOMUTBCA C CamuM Îlraronom, HO npobeccmoHANbHag JIeATeIbHOCTb (uM, UTO He MeHee BaXHO, npopeccuonansHoe o6yuenue) yueHEIX nporekana BHe paMoK Axkazlemuu, ecr He CUMTATb COCTABIEHHA TIA Hee HECKONLKUX YYeÖHNKOB MATEMATHKH. Apncrotenescknä Jluxeïñ AEMOHCTPHpyeT ropa3mo 6onee TecHoe COAPYKECTBO PHIOCOŸHH u HaYKH B pamkax onnoï KONE. B TO ’ke BpeMA MMeHHO y ÄpucToTens, HecMOTpA Ha ero CTpemneHHE IpeACTABHTb 34MMCTBOBAHHLIM M3 MATEMATHKU? aKCHOMATHKO- ACAYKTHBHbI MeTON Kak OÖINMÄ MeTon HaYKH 4 Ouiocopuu, Brep- Bble 3acpUKCMpOBaHO OCO3HAHHE pazHOpoAHOCTH MATEMATHKH M punocobun. Tak, HanpuMep, OH 3aMeuaer, UTO MatTeMaTúKa — STO EAMHCTBEHHAA O6NACTB, Te NO-HaCTOAIMEMY yAaeTca YTO-1H60 Aokasars?, Oro xe ocosHanñe NPosBn noch U B peanus oBanHOM YUeHNKaMU Apucrorena HCTOpHKÓ-HayuHoM Ipoekte. Esem Ponoccknä numer uctopuio reomerpun, APHPMETHKK m acTPOHOMHH, Peoppact — ucropuio dusukn, Menon — HCTOPHIO Meguuuubi. [pu atom B HCTOpHH Maremartuku u acTponomun Esnem paccMarpuBaer uucTo nipopeccHonHanbHble Hay4HbIe npoGzeMEr, 6e3 KaKOTO-1H60 oßpamenus k @unocodun (fr. 133-149 Wehrli). HanpoTAB, Buoıxöv Bólar Peoppacra orpaxaror TorHamnee TORUMAHHE PU3HKK Kak oGnactuH, BKIIOUaIOMEË Kak HAaTypOHJocopunmo, Tak M KOCMONOTNIO U ecTecTBOsHaHHe”’. «Actopua menuuunbis Menona 25 H. Lee. Geometrical Method and Aristotle’s Account of First Principles // CQ 29 (1935) 113-124; B. Einarson. On Certain Mathematical Terms in Aristotle’s Logic // AJP 57 (1936) 33-54, 151-172; W. Kullmann. Die Funktion der mathematischen Beispiele in Aristoteles’ Analytica Posteriora // Aristoteles on Science. Mueller. Greek Mathematics and Greek Logic // Ancient Logic and its Modern The ‘Posterior Analytics’, ed. E. Berti, Padova 1981, 245-270. Cp., onnaxo: J. Interpretations, ed. J. Corcoran, Dordrecht 1974, 35-67; J. Barnes. Aristotle’s Theory of Demonstration // Articles on Aristotle 1, Science, ed. J. Barnes et in Ancient Pythagoreanism, Cambridge 1972, 50, 447. al., London 1975, 65-87. 26 Ap. Jambl. Comm. math. sc. p. 78,9 Festa. Cm.: W. Burkert. Lore and Science 2” O. Gigon. Die &pyai der Vorsokratiker bei Theophrast und Aristoteles // Naturphilosophie bei Aristoteles und Theophrast, hrsg. I. Düring, Hildesheim 1969,

BINAHUN. ero mkonsI?? u y>Ke NOTOMY He MOTJIM OKa3aTb HMKAKOTO aHTHUHOË Mey TeM UMeHHO Ha 9TOT TIepHOA HPAXOAMTCA pacuBer HayKH. PHOTO Bnpouem, u y CAMHX TiepuriaTeTHKOB He 3aMeTHO 4PE3ME HaCTpeMJeHus CIEAOBATR NOCTyNATaM YUHTEeNA. ApucroTeng, CTBEN npumep, NoApasnenan ABHKEHHE Ha eCTECTBEHHOe U HEECTE s Hoe, TEM CaMbIM MexaHuka HCKIIOYaACh M3 DU3HKH, KOTOpa art TpakToBana TONbKO eCTECTBEHHBIE JABMKEHHA. Ho sror nocrya INKOJE He noMemar BO3HHKHOBEHHIO MMEHHO B IepMnaTeTH4ECKOË BCTpenepsoro TpakTaTa NO MeXaHHKe, B KOTOPOM MB! BIlepBbie NOSKE yaeM ACHO ChOpMyJMpOBaHHoOe HPABHIO pbluara, AOKA3aHH0e 2TOTO ApxuMezoM B AEAYKTHBHOË popme*. AHOHHMHBIH aBTop UHO TPAKTATA OTHOCHT MEXAaHMKY 4aCTMUHO K MàTEMAaTMKe, HACTM ye K bu3uke u nonaraeT, UTO XOTA MEXAHH3MBI COBEPINAIOT neñcTs &TNPOTUB HPHPOABIY, HO 3aTO AJA NONB3bI mo nen. conCornacno Apucrorento, HAeal XKH3HH yHeHOro — vita templativa®!. Cnenyer 1M m3 eTOrO, UTO 3anauy HaÿKM OH BANEN X ? JIMIIb B Ha6NINeHMM NPMPOUB, HO HHKAK He B 3KCNEPHMEHTA Uyras ero TpakTaTbl O XMBOTHBIX, JIerko yOeqUTbCA B TOM, n UTO BO BPEMA aHaTOMHHECKHX vccnenopanunf Apucrorenp B3pesa COGCTBEHHBIMH PYKAMH JHECATKH KMBOTHBIX®?, He BHA B 2TOM, 114-123. 162). ua u Hayka 28 «Cornacho IIMpoKo IpMHATOMY MHEHHIO, APHCTOTENEBCKAA du nocop BPEMEHH GEI AOMMRMpYIOUMMM HHTEINIEKTYANBHEIMH CHIAMM HAWMHAA CO camoro Apucroteaa snnors no Konepnura u Tannnen» (Ch.B. Schmitt. To1973, wards a Reassessment of Renaissance Aristotelism // History of Science 11, Berlin (1928) 390-421, ff. 29 P. Moraur. Der Aristotelismus bei den Griechen I, Berlin 1973, 3 n Mechanik, 30 Fr. Krafft. Dynamische und statische Betrachtungsweise in der antike Wiesbaden 1970. // SB 31 W. Jaeger. Über Ursprung und Kreislauf des philosophischen Lebensideal // Eos 74 (1986) 61-75. eles 32 G. Wöhrle. Zu den Experimenten in den biologischen Schriften des Aristot

JIA. Kmyze BePOATHO, HUKAKOTO TPOTMHBOPEUHA C NPOBO3TIAIMAEMEIM HAEAJIOM. Crparon u3 Jlamncaka, crapmuÿñ nocne Peoppacra cxonapxom Booëme III-I 88. zo 4.3. — sto Bpems nepurnaTeTH4eckoÄÂ uIKOJBI, CTPEMHICA C HOMOUIbEO MHOTOUHCIEHHbIX BKCIIEPMMEHTOB Ppa3BHTb HOBYIO DH3MHUECKYIO TEOPHIO, ABHO IIPOTUBOpevamnylo apHCTOTereBckOË AuHamuke®. Ero onBiTH, ocoGeHHO B IIHEBMATHKE, 3alOxMIM OCHOBAHHA 2TOË JAMCHANAMHEI, pasBMToH nosxe anekcannpnfckumn nmokenepamn Krecnönem, ®u- A0HoM u Teponom°*, PacilBeTa TeXHHU4eCKOÏ MeXaHHKM, UTO HUKAK He COOTBETCTBYET NPeAcTaBlleHHFO O TOCNHOACTBE APHCTOTENH3MA. Ouepuano, uro Ha STO BpeMs HeIb3a npoenuposars CHTyalnıo HO3HeÄ aHTHUHOCTH M TEM Gojee CpelHeBeKOBLA, Kora Apuc- Kocmoc Apuc- TOTeAb CTAJ TAABHBIM HayUHbIM aBTOpHTeTOM. Hexocrarok TaKoro “upesMepHo oOmero nonxona Buren, Hanpumep, B HAymux oT Kofpe HPeACTABIEHAAX O TIepexojie OT «3aMKHYTOTO MHpa> aHTHUYHOCTH K «Geckoneunoù BceneHHoli» Hosoro Bpemenn. TOTENA HeHCTBMTeNbHO 3aMKHYT, M 3aKOHbI ABWKEHMA B HOMIYHHOM MHpe TIPKHHUMTIMAJbHO MHbIe, YEM B HA]IYHHOM. IIpu atom, OAHAKO, YNyckaeTCA M3 BHAY TOT OUeBHAHBIÀ bakt, uro c VI no IV B. HO H.9., TO eCTb B NepHOd BLIJBMKEHUA CAMBIX NOAOTBOPHEIX une rpeueckoú aCTPOHOMHH, npeAcTaBrenme 0 MHOKECTBEHHOCTH MHpoB ufnnn GeckoHeuHocTH KocMoca 6110 npeoGrararommm, a JAENEHAA Ha NOA- M HaAIYHHHË mMup Boobule He CyIMeCTBoBano. [locne Apucrorena unen beckoHeyHocTH BeenenHoë nam MHOKECTBEHHOCTU MHPOB TaK’ke OTHIOJb He HCUE3IK: MEI HaxomuM HX y Onuxypa u Jlykpeuus%, y cronkop?”, y Apucrapxa 40 (1949) 38-48. 33 H. Diels. Uber das physikalische System des Straton // Kleine Schriften, Hildesheim 1969, 233-265; H.B. Gottschalk. Strato of Lampsacus: Some Texts, Leeds 1966, 95 £.; D. Furley. Strato’s Theory of the Void fi Cosmic Problems, Cambridge 1989, 149-160. %% M. Boas. Hero’s Pneumatica: A Study of its Transmission and Influence // Isis 8° Axakcumaxap (12 À 9-11), Axakcarop (58 B 4), mmparopeäupt (Arist. Phys. 202 b 38 f.; DK 58 A 30), arommcru (67 A 1; 68 A 40), Ilmoren ns Anonnonum (64 A 6, 10), Tepaxıma Ilontnückuä (fr. 113 Wehrli). JIucxyccurw 06 atom cm.: F.M. Cornford. Innumerable Worlds in Presocratic Philosophy // CQ 28 (1931) 1 ff; T.G. Sinnige. Matter and Infinity in the Presocratic Schools and Plato, Assen 1968; L. Sweeney. Infinity in the Presocratics, The Hague 1972. °° Epic. Ep. ad Her. 41; Lucr. I, 958-67, 968-83; II, 1028-89. Cm.: Ch. Mugler. Deux thémes de la cosmologie greque: Devenire cyclique et pluralité des mondes, Paris 1963, 145 ff; D. Furley. Greek Theories of the Infinite Universe // Cosmic Problems, 571-585. 57 O «Geckoneunok nycrore» 3a npezeramu cromueckoro KocMoca cM.; S. Sambursky. Physics of Stoics, London 1959, 110 ff.; D.E. Hahm. The Origin of Stoic Cosmology, Columbus 1977, 103 ff.

y Onarona rpyano Hafitu cnenbl npeHe6pexuTenbHOTO OTHOMIeHHA K Tako, HanpuMep, NPHKIAAHOË AMCUMIIJIMHE, Kak MEXàHHKA, H He cayuañno ee ochoBarTers Apxut Onin GAH3KHM ApyroM IIlnarona. GonvmuncrBa PurocoPos BIAOTE AO HamMx AHek, HO M ANA 6oub- [naron nefictenTenbHo UEHHI TeoperTnueckue HCCJIEIOBAHHA BBIE NPAKIAAHEX, HO TIOAO6HOE OTHONIEHNE xapakTepHo He TOIbKO AJ WUHCTBA KPYIHBIX YHEHbIX. OTmeTuM B TO Xe BpeMA, UTO HMEHHO nocnenmaroHonckaa srioxa Xapakrepu3syerca ObICTpbIM Pa3BHTHEM NPUKNAAHBIX u TeXHAUECKAX HccrenoBannñ. uranu aM 211MHHCruueckme yuensie Ilnarona? Kak npasuno, Mbl 9TOTO He 3HaeM, & Cuuraerca, HanpuMep, uro EBKnua 3aBepumn CBOM «Hauana» B TeX CIYUAAX, KOTJA 9TO H3BECTHO, MOUTH HEBO3MOXKHO TIOKA3ATb, UTO OHM HCXOAMIH M3 ero NONOKEeHNÄ, à He M3 HayUHbIX AOBOZOB. PpacCMOTPEHKEM Tak HA3bIBAeMbIX IINATOHOBCKUX Teil (maTM npaBUIILHBIX MHOTOTPAHHNKOB) MOTOMy, UTO OH GB TINATOHUKOM MH OTHOCHA NOCTPOeHNHe 2THX Te K BbICHIHM NOCTWKeHUAM MaTeMacuxu!, Bospaxenus 3nec, Hanpammsarren camm coGoñ. Bonepssix, Eskrux He Mor He 3HaTb, UTO Ilnaron He MMe HUKaKoro OTHOIIEHHA K HOCTPOEHUIO 2THX MHOTOTPAHHMKOB, BO-BTOPbIX, EMY 6LINM U3BeCTHbI H TOpa310 6onee cepbesHble OTKPbITHA B MaTeMaTUKe, B-TPETbHX, KAKETCA eCTCTBEHHBIM, UTO CTepeOMeTPHA Cie NoBana 3a nranymerpueñ u sasepmana yueOnuK Epxanga”. 185-193. 38 Apmcrapx Nonaran, UTO HO CPaBHeHKIO CO 3BE3AHEIM KPYTOM op6uta Seman 6eckoneuno Mana (T.L. Heath. Aristarchus of Samos, Oxford 1913, 302, 308 f.). 39 Bo Il». #2. Bonpoc sror eme He GBA mosmocrbto 3aKphT: A.B. Todd. Alexander of Aphrodisias and the Case for Infinite Universe // Eranos 82 (1984) J. Hintikka et al. I, Dordrecht 1981, 194 f. 40 G.E.R. Lloyd. Plato as a Natural Scientist // JHS 88 (1968) 78-92; A.P.D. Mourelatos. Astronomy and Cinematics in Plato’s Projection of Rationalist Explanation // Stud. Hist. Phil. Sc. 12 (1981) 1-32. 41 Brepsbie 06 atom ynomunaeT IIpoxa (In Eucl. comm., p. 68 Friedlein). 42 Om. rakxe: W.R. Knorr. On the Early History of Axiomatics: A Reply on Some Criticism // Theory Change, Ancient Axiomatics and Galileo Methodology, ed.

JLA.Kmy Ilraron scuo ocosHasan noten. Teopetuyecku naaronosckaa HpOrpaMMa A0NKHa 6bIna CTHMYAHPOBATE Pa3BHTHE TOUHEIX, AEAYKTHBHHIX HAYK, MH OHa, Kak TTOKA3HIBAIOT HEKOTOPBIE HPHMEPHI, AEÂCTBATENBHO 3TO nenana. Ho HPHMEpbl STM MOUTH 6e3 HCKIOUEHAA OTHOCATCA He K AHTHYH OCTH, a x Peneccancy u XVII 8.4, UMAIBHOe MOTYIN ECTBO HEAYKT HBHOTO MeTONa, OAHAKO 3TOT MeTon ObIN BOCHPUHAT UM M3 Marema ruku“* , u ero IIpuMeHeHne B bunocopuu camoro Ilnaro na x ycnexy He npuBeno®, za no npupoae Bemet U He MOTO npuBecru. OueBHano, uro Tpeyeckuf maTEMATHK, Jake Öyayum TIIATOHHKOM, YHHICA MeTonuke Tey KTHBHBIX NOKa3aTenbcTB He No AManoram Ilrarona, xora u onu MOTAM CAYXKHTE AONONHHTENBHOË MOTHBAUHEË ero npobeccHonanrHOH JAEATEIBHOCTH. Boo6me, HyxHo orMerurb, uro ncHxomorua HayKM KOHCTa TMpyeT OTHIONE He KOHGOpMHCTCKOeE OTHOIEHHE YucHbIX K DHIOcopckuM Teopusm. Bo-nepsuix, yuensii Moxer no3Bonurs ceGe POCKOWb BBIGPATR cpequ MHOxecTBa burocobuù Ty, kKoTop as Sombie cooTBeTCTBYyeT ero B3TAANaAM; BO-BTOPHIX, ero HaYYHaA HPAKTUKA MOXET IIPOTU BOpeUK Tb axe BHIGPA HHOÏ HM CAMHM Punocobckofi Teopun. Tax, Hanpumep, Iparochen* onucuiBaer B CBOEM Auanore «llnaronuk», Kak cyposo kpuTuKosan Ilraron rex maTEMATHKOB, KOTOPB Ie CIMUIK OM «MeXaH M4ecKM » peman n npobm emy yaBoenua KyGa. B nefictsntensHoctu xe pemenus Apxuta , Esmokca U Mexexma Grau uncro TeOpeTHYeCKMMH, B TO BPEMA Kak ueckum*?, pemleHue camoro 9parochena Gk110 B caMoM Here Mexann OPHUEM OH OCOGEHHO TOPAMICA TEM, uTO OHO Moxer GBITE IpäakTUYecKH TIPHMEeHNuMo! Diiumteiin He 3pa NOAXEPKHBAI, UTO YYeHbIX CHEAYE T CyQUTb He 10 TOMY, YTO OHM TOBOPAT, a IIO TOMY, UTO OHM AenaloT. Bro orHOCHTCA U K CaMOM y YÜHLIT eÄRy, 4 KO MHOTU M Apyru m YHEHLI M, HHTepecoBaBmumca $unocodueÄ, KOTOPBIE, BIPoueM, B oGmeït Macce <paGOTHHKOB Hayku» Bcerna GEIIU B MeHBUIMHCTRE. K IV B. ao n.s. crano OUEBHAHEIM, CKOAb Pa3luyHa CTeneH k “5 B crarpe Béme nokasan o, BIpoweM , UTO Te, KTO OCyMeCT BIAA B BTO BPEMA MaTEMATH3AUMIO ECTECTBOSHAHHA, XOTA M BRIerK B [Inarone cRoero COIO3HHKA, Ha Tele ONHPATHCR Ha HIeH, Uyxjpe ero @unocopun: G. Böhme. Platons Theorie der exakten Wissens chaften // A&A 22 (1976) 40-53, *4 Cm. nampumep: J. Mittelstraß. Die geometrischen Wurzeln der platonischen Ideenlehre // Gymnasium 92 (1985) 399-418. “5 O nexoctaTkax NoKasaTensHuoh apryMentanmm I]natona cm.: R. Robinson. Plato’s Earlier Dialectic, Oxford 21966. 18 CoabMceH conepul enHo HanpacH o HPENCTA BJIACT ero EACTAH HEM IINATOH HKOM> (F. Solmsen. Eratosthenes as Platonist and Poet // Kleine Schrifte #7 W.R. Knorr. The Ancient Tradition of Geometric Problems, Boston 1985, 17 ff.

HAYILHMH OT PHIOCOPHH CXEMAMH, TAK U He CMOTJIU CTATB NOAIMHHO Hay UHbIMH. Bnecs cnenyeT YyHOMAHyTb O TOM KäayecTBe Tpeyeckoro ecTECTBO3HAHUA, B KOTOPOM MHOrMe BHAAT IIPHUAHy 6ONBIIMHCTBA ero Heymau, a HMEHHO — Hezocrarke caMoorpanunuenua®!. JleïcrBHTEIbHO, OHO YacTO CTABUNO Nepen co6of BONPOCH, Ha KOTOpble B npunuune He Morno OTBeTuTb. Tpeueckyio xe MaTeMaTHKY €CIM B YeM H YMpeKaloT, TO CKOpee B HeNOCTaTke CMeNOCTH, BUA ero, HaNPHMeP, B HexeranuH ONEPHPOBATE C GeckOHeUHbIMH BexyunnamMu. Mexay Tem, rpeku AOGHIUCE B MATEMATHKE TOpa310 GonkIIAX ycIexoB, 4eM B ecTecTBO3HaHMM. B uem xe npnunHa CTONb pasauuHoù cyZbOnl TOUHBIX U eCTECTBEHHBIX HayK B AHTUYHOCTH? A nonaraso, YTO B nepBymo ouepeab OHA 3aKIOUACTCA B xapakTepe ux npeamera. Jina nporpecca MaTeMaTHKM He Tpebyerca HMKaKMX APYTUX 3HAHUÄ, KPOME MaTeMaTM4eCKUX, OHA MOXKET pa3BUBATbCA Wake B TOM CIyUae, CCIM ApyrMx Hayk BoobuIe He Öy.ner. 3aKOHOMepHOCTH B Mupe a6cTpakTHbIX OGbEKTOB, CBOÄCTBA KOTO48 © pesanHCHMOCTK PA3BHTHA MATEMATHKH OT PHAIOCOŸCKAX AMckyccHä cM.: Mueller. Op.cit.; Knorr. Op.cit.; idem. On the Early History of Axiomatics: The Interrelations of Mathematics and Philosophy in Greek Antiquity // An- HSCP 67 (1969) 147-175. cient Axiomatics, 145-186. 49 W.H. Jones. Philosophy and Medicine in Ancient Greeke, Baltimore 1961; L. Edelstein. The Relations of Ancient Philosophy to Medicine // Ancient Medicine, 349-366; J. Longrigg. Philosophy and Medicine: Some Early Interactions // et al., New Brunswick 1985, 143-183. 50 4, Preus. Science and Philosophy in Aristotle’s Biological Works, Hildesheim 1975; Philosophical Issues in Aristotle’s Biology, ed. A. Gotthelf, J.G. Lennox, Botanwueckue TpakTarkı Peoppacra NeMOHCTPHPyIOT Cambridge 1987. ropa3no MeHblliee BIHAHHE TENEOJNMOTHUECKOTO NOAXO Za, HEM APHCTOTENEBCKAR 6uonorua: G. Senn. Die Entwicklung der biologischen Forschungsmethode in der Antike, Aarau 1933, 96 f.; J.G. Lennor. Theophrastus and the Limits of Teleology // Theophrastus of Ephesos: On His Life and Work, ed. W.W. Fortenbaugh G.E.R. Lloyd. The Revolution of Wisdom, Berkeley 1987, 20 ff. 51 W.A. Heidel. Hippocratic Medicine: Its Spirit and Method, New York 1941, 115;

JIA. Kmyxe Uucrosan urocobya BOzHHKaeT PbIX 3ANaHbI, YCTAHOBHTL TOpa3Ao NpOlle, YEM, HarlpKMep, 3aKOHBI ABHKEHHA. AHTM4Had ACTPOHOMMA, NpMHABUIAA dopmy KuHeMmaTuyeckoH Teopuu ABHXKEHHA HeGecHBIX Ter, NOMAMO COÖCTBEHHO ACTPOHOMHUECKKHX Ha6nroneHuùú HYXKIHANACE TONBKO B onHoù Hayke —— MaTeMaTuke. M nockou»ky ee yponenb ÖbIN mocrarouen Ana HOCTPOEHHA KUHeMATUYecKUX Moneneli, TPeKH cyMemu peaunn3oBatb MUMEIOINyIOCA BO3MOXKHOCTE U CO3NAM HayYUHYIO aCTPOHOMHIO. Crpoenne u bynKkumonupoBanne veroneueckoro OpraHH3Ma TOPa310 CJIOxHee, vem CTpoeHve U PyHKUMOHMpOBaHMe conneunoï CHCTeEMEI. MMeHHo nosToMy rpekn, CAenaB MHOKECTBO OTKPEITHË B PH3HOIOTUM U AHATOMHH, BCE Ke He CMOTIK Ha UX OCHOBE CO3HATL Hay4nyio Teopuio. CroBoM, KoHburypauns Hayk B aHTHUHOCTH CHOXKNNACh HMEHHO Tako, KaKOË MbI ee 3HaeM, He M3-3a HeocTaTka MHTEIEKTyAJIbHBIX YCHIMÄ B ONHUX O6NACTAX M HOBBIIIEHHOTO MHTepeca K ApyruM. Pemaromum 6b110 conpoTuBAeHMe Toro MaTepHala, C KOTOPbIM UMelIM Zeno rpeueckue yuenbie. B pane o6nacrei husukn rpekam yaanoch M3OIHPOBATE OTAelbHble HPOGNEME H BBIBECTH MX HCCIeNOBaHHe Ha Hay UHBIA ypoBenb. Kak npasuno, ato Ginn Te OO1acTH, B KOTOPEIX SKCIIEPMMEHT CPABHUTEIbHO NPOCT, a ero Pe3YABTATEI HOJIAIOTCA MATEMATHUECKOMY BBIPAKEHMH: AKYCTUKa, MeXaHMKa, OITHKa, rHapoctatuka®. JIne nocneanne Hayunnie AMCUAIIKHEL, obopMAeHNIO KOTOPEIX Mbl O6A3AHbI CooTBeTcTBeHHO Eskauay u ApxuMeAy, NOUTH He PHTypHpyiOT B KOHTeKcTe CNOpoB O B3AHMOCBA3H Hayku M dunocodun. ro Kacaeıca aKYCTHKH u MEeXaHHKH; BOSHUKWIMX B NMdaropelicKoli kone, TO ANA HUX YACTO CTPEMATCA Haru HekHe burocoberue OcHOBaHUA. ITa wKONA BooGme durypupyer B KauecTBe XPeCTOMATHAHOTO npuMepa Toro, kak DHAOcopus, B HaHHoM cayuae uncnoBaa bunocobua, OTIMBMAACA B M3BECTHyIO PopMmyny «Bce ECTE YUHCIO», CHOCOÖCTBOBaNa Pa3BHTHIO TOYHBIX HayK. OxHako Tomy, KTO paccyxaaer o nnparopeñckoË uucnoBoë dunocogun, Oyner upesBbIyaäHo TpyaHo HafTn Bo bparmenrax PaHHMX nMparopeñneB XOTA Opi OHO yYnoMHHaHye o yHcre B Punocogcxom KOHTEeKCTe. Takux caunerenbcrs HPOCTO HET, M HH OHHH M3 nHparopeñneB HUKOTAA He roBopum, «uro BCe ECTE UHCIOP, — aTa POPMYAA NOABNAETCA AMM B apHCTOTeNeBCKO HHTEPIPeTANHH nuparopeäckoë punocopun®®. anwb y ®unonas, To ects B nocnenneù Tpetu V B, npu atom 52 G.E.R. Lloyd. Early Greek Science. Thales to Aristotle, London 1970, 30 f, 139 58 L. Zhmud’. ‘All is Number’? ‘Basic Doctrine’ of Pythagoreanism Reconsidered // Phronesis 34 (1989) 270-292.

yncrosoñ dnnocobun’, HO kak MaTeMaTMKM OHM COBEPIIeHHO HeussecrTar,. ÜxonssIM o6pa3om u yuenukm Îlrarona Cnescunn u KcenoxpaT, BecbMa MHTEepecoBaBllMech purocobyeñ MaTeMaTHKH uM Harmcanmue Ha aTy TeMy MHomxecrBo paGoT, GEIIH ABHO JMHanporus, WeHbI TBOpUECKAX MOTEHUMÄÁ B CaMOÏ MaTeMaTHKe. nubaropeen ApxuT — 210 Önecraumf MATEMATHK, O!HAKO TO, UTO MBI 3HaeM O ero HIOCOPHH, C UHCIOM HUKAK (nan nouru Hukak) He cBA3aHo. Cxonnyto KapTHHy MbI Ha6NmNnaeMm H y paHHux nubaropeñues. ['unnac v3BecTeH Kak MaTEMATHK, OTKPbIBIIMH MppalMonasbHbre penmunnpr®, MoxHo mu CBA3ATE C THM OTKPBITueM ero dunocodcky!o HOKTPHHY O TOM, UTO BCE HPOMCXOAMT U3 orun? Takux HOTHBITOK, HaCKONBKO MHe H3BECTHO, He 6bIN0, NO ToH npocroë mpuuunHe, UTO OHH 3aBeOMO oGpeueHEt Ha IIPOBal. Onna 3 HemHorux bHnocobckUx He, KOTOPYIO MOXHO C AOCTOBePHOCTBIO CBA3BIBATb c [lubaropom, — 9To ero KOCMOPOHMA, COFnacHo KOTOpof MHP BOSHMKaeT M3 B3aMMOJHCMCTBHA MByX Hava — npezeza u Gecnpexersnoro. Mucro B 3Tof KOCMOrOHMM OTCYTCTBYET, M HNONBITKH HHTEPNPETHPOBATE ee MaTeMaTHHECKM ABHO Hey JOBIeTBOpMTeNbHEI”’. Cama uses o HANMUHH Kay3anbHoN CBA3M MexLy PHIOCOŸCKAMH M HayYUHBIMM TEOPHAMH KaxkeTCA MHOTUM eBa JIM He CaMO cobon pasyMeromefich, OcobeHHO ecu peub HET O TEOPMAX OAHOTO MU TOTO Ke MBICIUTENA HIM OAHOË u ToM ke IKOZNBI. B ToM cryuae, eCJM bakra sTy waer He NOATBepKAaloT, oÖbluHo CHEAYET BO3PAXKEHMe, UTO MBI HIIIEM Ha fOBEPXHOCTHOM YPOBHE, UTO 9Ta npoGreMa ropaszo ray6xe, UTO HaM cJenyeT HCKATE HEKHE oGuue HHTENIEKTYAaNBHBIE ITPeANOCBINIKU, 1EKAILHE B OCHOBE AAHHBIX HaY4HbIX M punocobckux Teopnñ. Onnako, npexle 4eM CIYCTHTRCA Ha Goree 54 Fr. 13 Ross. O6 stom ynomunan mn Ouaunn Onyurernä (DK 58 A 3). 55 Espur (DK 45), Pkpaur (DK 46). 56 K. von Fritz. The Discovery of Incommensurability by Hippasos of Metapontum // Annals of Mathematics 46 (1945) 242-264. 57 Zhmud’. Op.cit., 288.

JLA.KmMy rAyYGOKHÂ ypOBeHb, BaxKHO 3aŸHKCHPOBATE ABa MOMeHTa. KR Bo- MepBbIxX, CAeAyeT Hpu3HaTb, UTO Ha ypoBHe HeNOCPEICTBEHHEIX KAy3anbHbIX CBAZeH BAMAHMe PHIOCOGHH Ha Hayky, B HACTHOCTH, Ha AHTMUHYIO Hayky, JlalleKo He Tak OUeBM AHO, Kak BAMAHME B oGparHOM HallpaBnenuu. Beas Korna peus Haer o punocodunu Ilrarona unu Apuctotens nau © cuctemax Ppanuysckux pallMon anuctos Hau Konra u Cnencepa, ne TOBOpA yike o PHIOCOŸHH HayKH, CTaBeñ B XX B. OnHHM u3 Benyumx Hanpaprennfi PurocobeKoë MEICHH, HaM He HYXHO aleJIJIMPOBATb K HEKMM HEBeAOMbIM TAYÖHHAM, u6o 3 rech 3aBUCMMOCTh OT POCTA Hay4HOro 3HAHHA BIIONHE OUeBM Ha. Bo-BTopbIx, crenyer BLIACHMT M TO, Ha YeM OCHOBAHA BEImeykasaHHaa unes. He crontr nu 3a Hef unean Hekoef rapMOHMYHOK M uelbHoï HHUHOCTH, MHHTerpHpylomeñ Pe3YAIBTATEI cBoeú TBOPUECKOË JAEATENLHOCTH B exuHyIo CHCTEMY, JIHUHOCTH, ANIIeHHOÄ nporuBopeuudt u Pa3PHIBOB B CO3HAHHH, CBOMCTBEHHOË HAM, IPOCTBIM CMEPTHBIM, Y KOTOpbIX NpaBaf pyKa 4ACTO He 3HaeT, 4TO nenaer zesaa? MoxHo corxacurTeca c Tem, uto dnnocodsı u yY4eHble Godee ApyrHx UyBCTBMTeABHBI K IPOTUBOPpeyHAM, HO BEB HHKOMY M3 HHX elle He YIaBalOCb UX H3Gexkarb, — Maike eCIU 2TM HPOTHBOPeUHA GEI O4eBUAHEI MM camuM. EcTs au y Hac ocHoBAHHA TIOJIATATb, HTO LENLHOCTR, HHTETPUPOBAHHOCTL AMUYHOCTH B AHTHUHyIO anoxy Gba Gonpmek, vem cefiyac, U uro anTHUHbIE yuenble Gonbme 3a6oTHAMch © nporusopeunax MexKkay MX PuroCOŸCKAMH B3IAAAMH U HaYYHOË npakTuKoù? Bosspamasñcs K WUHTEeNNeKTyanbHBIM NPpeANOCHIAKAM nMdaroPefickofi aKYCTHKH M TaPMOHHKH, OTMETUM, UTO B HX OCHOBe, HéCOMHEHHO, JIeaJla YBEPEHHOCTE B TOM, UTO MY3bIKalbHYIO TAPMOHHIO MOXHO BHIPA3HTE C HOMOIMBIO IIPOCTEIX YMCHOBHIX coorHo menuù. B CBOIO OMepelb, 9Ta YBepeHHOCTb TeCHO CBA3aHa C NpeACTaBAeHMeM o TOM, HTO OKPy»atouImÁ MUp YeloBeka B IIPHHUANE NOAYHHEH HEKAM HCAOBBIM 3aKOHOMEPHOCTAM. ChopMyrHpoBaHHañ TakuM 06pa3o M AETCH Me 3BYUHT BNONHe dunocodcku; IPOÖNeMa, OHHAKO, 3aKAOU 3emaa Anakcumanspa B TOM, HTO B IIpenmectByromef nubaropeñnaM @unocopun ona He 3apuKcupoBana. Hanporus, B acrponomuueckoù cucteme Axakcu- MaHApa OHa TPOABIAETCA OyeHb Apko%, UpencTagnaeT co6oú niockui uuanHap, AMAMETP KOTOPOrO B TPH pasa Gonpme ero BBICOTEI, a paccrosnue ME JIy HebecHbIMH Tenamu KP&ATHO AeBATH. Cxoanble Meu MBI BCTpeyaeM elle 3a1oAro no poxHenna PHIOCOPHH H HayKH, HanpuMmep, B «Teoronuu»s Tecnona (720 ff.), rae paccronune MEXAY HeGOM, 3eMse u NOU3EMHBIM MHPOM 8 Krafft. Geschichte, 208 ff.

cpaBHMMo 6ONEIIAM, deM HerocpeACTBEHHOE BANAHHE purocopuu* CE MW HaMHMUMaTOpOM aTHx ute, B He AMUIb KPHCTANAM3OBAIM CTH, KE XOAMIM CBOE BbIparkeHNne HJeallbl, IPEAIOUTEHUA M LEHHO KyllbHaNMUeCTBOBABIIMe B TOM, UTO MOXHO.YCIOBHO Ha3BaTb Ta Ha TypHEIM knuMaroMm°!. Bawanne aToro KyIbTypHoro KAMMa 6bINO HeBOSHMKHOBeHMe, Pa3BHTHE M YIIaAOK Tpeueckof Hayku cxolVimenno nosToMy Hasimume B rpeyeckoit Hayke M punocomun CKOMY HBIX Melt HU B KoeM CJIyHae He AONKHO BECTH K aBTOMATAHE HMEHHO BLIBOY © npuopurere dunocobun B MX BELABMKEHHH, XOTA B uactTakoli BbIBON KaxkKeTCA MHOTUM GoJee npeAnoH4THTEIbHbIM. a, KOHOCTH; 9TO KacaeTCa OCHOBHOTO IIPUHLNTIA MEXAHHKH Apxur pbl4ara, K TopbIä cBOAUN AekcrBHe IPOCTEIX MalIMH, HalpMMep, [peueckañ aCTPOHOMHA TAKKe O6BACKpyropomy apmxenuio. KUHEMAHana zBuxeHhe HeGecHBIX Tet C NOMOIBIO TAaKMX KE Boe TUUECKHX Moneneñ, Torza Kak dunocobua OObABIANAa KpyTo FAansuxenye coBepuieHHbIM. Indaropefickaa akycMa, HallpuMep, KPyT, à CUT, uro cpean buryp Hanbonee coBeplieHHbIM ABIACTCH Bbix cpeam ren — wap. B aToM KOMMIJIeKCe npemrmoutennù Kpyro OBI PopM u CXEM, KOTOpbIf, HATNPHMEP, BABUIOHCKOÏË aCTPOHOMHH IS®. COBEPIIEHHO UYXA, OUEHb TPYAHO BbIAeIMTh NEPBHAHBIE MOTYBB ssenschaft und 59 Fr. Krafft. Die Mathematisierung des Kosmos // Antike Naturwi ihre Rezeption, hrsg. K. Döring, G. Wohrle, Wiesbaden 1990. 50 Krafft. Geschichte, 168 ff, 200 ff, (1947) 156-178; S. Sambursky. Harmony and Wholeness in Greek Scientif 61 Zatiyes. YK. cou., 165. gies // CQ 42 62 Cm: G. Vlastos. Equality and Justice in Early Greek Cosmolo ic Uasecrnoe 6u6nelicKoe stpaxenne 43 <KHMTH MYAPOCTHS O TOM, UTO Bor co3- IA. Thought // Mélanges A. Koyré II, Paris 1964, 442-457; D. Kurz. AKRIBE en 1970. Das Ideal der Exaktheit bei den Griechen bis Aristoteles, Götting Straight and Tpanmuma: naa MHP CormacHo UMC, Mepe 4 Becy, 3AMMCTBOBAHO M3 rpeueckof . F. Heinimann. Mass-Gewicht-Zahl // Mus. Helv. 32 (1975) 183-196 Firenze 1968; 63 A. Lampugnani. Il circo nel pensiero greco fino ad Aristotele. O.J. Brendel. Symbolism of the Sphere, Leiden 1977; L. Ballew. Circular: A Study of Imagery in Greek Philosophy, Assen 1979.

JIA. Kmy an Kaxyto-ro pors HTPAJO, HecOMHeHHo, HenocpencrBennoe screTHSeCKO€ UYBCTBO, Kakylo-TO — Ha6ntojt enua 3a 3BE3JIAMH, KOTOPble neÄcTBuTenbHo ABHKYTCA no Kpyry. Cosepmeuctso Kpyra u Mapa MOXKHO OObACHUTL H MATEMATHUECK HMY NPEACTABIEHHAMH Oo TOM, HTO B HHX MOXHO BIIHCATL BCe Apyr ue «coBepmennpies buryPi u Tena. Ho mapoo6pasnas bopMma Grrr ua y [lapmenuaa num» HACTHUHO OGBACHAETCH Hapoo6pasnocrbto 3emnu y Iludaropa, 160 ana Ilapmenuza Gninu Barker u ero coOcTBeHHBIe MeTadu3uHeckHe coo6paxenua o copepmenctse. Bo Beskow CIYUae, sTOT HPHMEP HarnaAno NeMOHCTPHpyeT, Kak onno H TO xe npennoureHHE IIO-PA3HoMy apTHKynupyerca u apry MeHTMpyeTcs B PA3]MHUHEIX chepax, YTO, KOHeUHO, He HCKIIOUAET BO3M OXHOCTH HX BTOPHYHOrO BIMAHMA Apyr Ha Apyra. [pezcrasrennbie Beine coobpaxenua OTHI ONB He Nonp asyM eB&IOT, UTO MBI AOJDKHBI HCKJIOYATb BO3M OXHO CTE BCAK OTO nwo 70TBOPHOTO Bo3nefctgua PHAIOCOÏCKUX unef Ha Pa3B M Tue Hay4 AbIx HpeacTaBnennú B antuyHoctn. Kak yxe OTME eYAJ OCB, Tpey ecko e ecTeCTBO3HAHNe HAXOHMAOCE NOA ropa3no 6ONL LIMM BAMA HMeM pnroCOHH, 4eM TOURHE Hayku. Bor num OAMH TPHM EP M3 MeAMUMHEI. Indaropeicknä spay u $nnocob Ankmeou nepB sıM BELAB MHYJI Hero O TOM, HTO 310POBbe yeloBeka 3aBHCHT OT PaBH OBeCHA B opFaHH3M@ TPOTHBOINONOXKHEIX CHI HIM BJIEM EHTOB , a OOJNe3HE — OT npeo6nazanuna ONHOTO H3 HUX (24 B 4). ro o6%acnenme ro IInparopa, cornacno 6LINO BIIONHe B nyxe burocobnn camo ie, Wiesbaden Das Viererschema in der aniken Humoralpatholog KoTOpoë MUp BO3HNKaeT M3 BBanMmoneficteng AByX TIPO THBO NONO KHEIX Haan, Ipenena 4 GecnpenensHoro. Ha unes x Ankm eona OCHOBaHa Inbaropefickan IManeRTuka, KOTOpaa Wcka na NPAB HAIBHHIe COOTHODIEHNA MEXAY eo, IMTbeM, OTABIXOM u @usn yeckumMu ynpaxHeHMAMM. ITa xe cxema AnKMeona nopowMia WM CAMYyIO 3HaMeHHTyto Teopumo Tpeyeckoff MEAAHMAHE — FyMO panbAyro NATONOTHIO, OÖBACHABLIYFO BCe 6one3HU npeoOnaznann em onno u3 XKHJIKOCTEË, HaXOMAMMXCA B Tere ueroBeka, HANPHMEP , KPOB H Ham Keru m°4. Cxematu3M u cnekynaTuBHocts 2roï TEOP HH OYeB U HEI; TEM He MeHee, KOHKPeTHbIe MeTOMBI NeyeHuA, KOTO PHIE H3 Hee BLIBO JMJIN Ch, a 3a4acTylO M MexaHMyecku c Heit CBA3 HIBA NHCE , MHOT NA OKäsblBalnch SbbeKTuBHEIMN, HanpuMep, KpoB onyc kaum e. Bo Bcakom Cy UAE, CePbe3HbIX KOHKYPEHTOB y 2TOË Teop un He 6L110 BUNOTL Ho Hosoro Bpemenu. Kak u Bo Muorux APYTHX cayy anx, HAIHUHE XOTE Kakol-To Teopuu, nycTb naxe u He HNeanbHo f, CuUnTanoch G6oxee HPeANOUTHTEIbHbIM, 4eM ee OTCYTCTBHE. ÜKOH YATENBHO onpoBepr 4 E. Schöner.

The Interconnections between Philosophy and Science in Ancient Greece archaic and classical periods. Contrary to current belief, it demon- This paper examines the interconnections between science (mostly exact sciences) and philosophy in Ancient Greece, especially in the strates that differentiation between these domains begins very early, in the 6th-5th centuries B.C. Evidence is presented that ancient investigation should not be overestimated. mathematics and astronomy were almost completely autonomous from on philosophical debates, while the natural sciences frequently drew metaphysical ideas. Furthemore, an attempt is made to demostrate that ancient philosophy was more dependent on the development of exact sciences than vice versa. And, on the contrary, the influence of even such great philosophers as Plato and Aristotle on the scientific