Notes on Supplementary Plates XCVII-C

For the photographs and for the substance of the Notes we are indebted to H. A. B. White, Esq., of the Wyggeston Grammar School, Leicester. The subject, the Greek Architecture of Magna Graecia and Sicily, is one of the greatest interest to historians and archaeologists. We are most grateful to Mr. White. PLATE XCVII THE TEMPLE OF CONCORD, AGRIGENTUM. Easter Monday celebrations. This temple, built about 440 B.c., was converted in the Middle Ages into a Christian church dedicated to SS. Peter and Paul. Today it is known as La Chiesa di San Gregorio delle Rape (St. Gregory of the Turnips, because its founder humbly tended the vegetables of his congregation). Generally considered to be the best-preserved Doric temple in the world except for the Theseum at Athens. The only evidence to support the belief that it was originally dedicated to Concordia was the finding of a Latin inscription to her on the site; the name is now used for identification only. Hexastyle-peripteral, with 34 columns. TEMPLE OF CERES, PAESTUM. Sixth century B.c. Its slender columns and high architrave fall short of the symmetry of the fifth-century Greek temple. On the exterior there are altogether 34 columns (4 feet in diameter at the base), but in addition there is a double row of columns at the eastern vestibule (this picture shows the western end). Length 105 feet, width 45 feet. TEMPLE OF SEGESTA. Latter half of fifth century 8.c. Peripteral, with a stylobate of 4 steps. Altogether 36 columns. Length 200 feet, width 86 feet. Apparently never fully completed and no traces of a cella. Capitals and columns (not fluted) together are 30 feet high. Preservation of the architrave has been effected by the iron bands seen beneath the triglyphs. ANONT S\aO THE 'BASILICA”, PAESTUM. Oldest of the Doric temples at Paestum, being assigned to the first half of the sixth century B.c. Unique example of nonastyle-peripteral, with an unnaturally broad front. Each side has 18 columns, with marked entasis. Although not obvious in the photograph, the trachelion has unusual decoration. The squat, quickly tapering columns are surmounted by clumsy, widely projecting capitals. Down the centre runs a single row of columns dividing the temple into two parts. This fact and the finding of terra-cotta images of Demeter and Kore have established almost certainly that the temple was used for the worship of these two deities. Length 178 feet, width 80 feet. Building material travertine stone. PLATE XCVIII TEMPLE OF NEPTUNE, PAESTUM (eastern end). From the short, thick style of the Doric columns believed to date from the middle of the fifth century B.c. Six fluted columns at each end and fourteen on each side, resting on a stylobate of three steps. The tapering columns, almost without entasis, produce a simple, graceful effect. Length 197 feet, width 80 feet. The stone was originally covered with stucco. TEMPLE OF SEGESTA, interior detail. The sandstone is badly worn, but the two holes at the foot of the block (right) were probably made by man to facilitate the moving into position of the stones. Absence of a cella or any sanctuary GREELE L Rome VAL. 4 ce. Sy Gase)

For the photographs and for the substance of the Notes we are indebted to H. A. B. White, Esq., of the Wyggeston Grammar School, Leicester. The subject, the Greek Architecture of Magna Graecia and Sicily, is one of the greatest interest to historians and archaeologists. We are most grateful to Mr. White. PLATE XCVII THE TEMPLE OF CONCORD, AGRIGENTUM. Easter Monday celebrations. This temple, built about 440 B.c., was converted in the Middle Ages into a Christian church dedicated to SS. Peter and Paul. Today it is known as La Chiesa di San Gregorio delle Rape (St. Gregory of the Turnips, because its founder humbly tended the vegetables of his congregation). Generally considered to be the best-preserved Doric temple in the world except for the Theseum at Athens. The only evidence to support the belief that it was originally dedicated to Concordia was the finding of a Latin inscription to her on the site; the name is now used for identification only. Hexastyle-peripteral, with 34 columns. TEMPLE OF CERES, PAESTUM. Sixth century B.c. Its slender columns and high architrave fall short of the symmetry of the fifth-century Greek temple. On the exterior there are altogether 34 columns (4 feet in diameter at the base), but in addition there is a double row of columns at the eastern vestibule (this picture shows the western end). Length ros feet, width 45 feet. TEMPLE OF SEGESTA. Latter half of fifth century B.c. Peripteral, with a stylobate of 4 steps. Altogether 36 columns. Length 200 feet, width 86 feet. Apparently never fully completed and no traces of a cella. Capitals and columns (not fluted) together are 30 feet high. Preservation of the architrave has been effected by the iron bands seen beneath the triglyphs. THE ‘BASILICA’, PAESTUM. Oldest of the Doric temples at Paestum, being assigned to the first half of the sixth century B.c. Unique example of nonastyle-peripteral, with an unnaturally broad front. Each side has 18 columns, with marked entasis. Although not obvious in the photograph, the trachelion has unusual decoration. The squat, quickly tapering columns are surmounted by clumsy, widely projecting capitals. Down the centre runs a single row of columns dividing the temple into two parts. This fact and the finding of terra-cotta images of Demeter and Kore have established almost certainly that the temple was used for the worship of these two deities. Length 178 feet, width 80 feet. Building material travertine stone. PLATE XCVIII TEMPLE OF NEPTUNE, PAESTUM (eastern end). From the short, thick style of the Doric columns believed to date from the middle of the fifth century B.c. Six fluted columns at each end and fourteen on each side, resting on a stylobate of three steps. The tapering columns, almost without entasis, produce a simple, graceful effect. Length 197 feet, width 80 feet. The stone was originally covered with stucco. TEMPLE OF SEGESTA, interior detail. The sandstone is badly worn, but the two holes at the foot of the block (right) were probably made by man to facilitate the moving into position of the stones. Absence of a cella or any sanctuary

makes the identity of the god purely conjectural, although the story that Verres carried off a statue of either Demeter or Artemis from Segesta may give some clue. PLATE XCIX TEMPLE OF SEGESTA. Magnificently sited on an escarpment 997 feet high, its only companion a Graeco-Roman theatre on the side of a neighbouring hill. It is interesting to note that the people of Segesta considered themselves to be neither Greeks, nor Phoenicians, nor Sicanians, but of Trojan descent. For the story of the Athenian embassy to the Egestaioi see Thucydides vi. 6f. The glory of their monuments scarcely supports the Athenian belief that these traditional foes of Selinus were poverty-stricken. MONTE BARBARO, SEGESTA. The side of the theatre crowning the rocky summit. In foreground, left, an archway leading to a store-room beneath the stage. PLATE C GREEK THEATRE, SYRACUSE. Originally built by Hiero I between 478 and 467 B.C. One of the finest in the ancient world and with many historical associations. In it Aeschylus witnessed a performance of his Persae, and Pindar, Plato, and Theocritus visited it. The Italians still produce Greek plays there. Hewn out of the living rock. Maximum diameter 440 feet, with room for some 20,000 spectators. TEMPLE OF NEPTUNE, PAESTUM (western end). The detail of the triglyphs compensates for the damaged architrave at this end. The interior consists of an elevated cella, the walls of which have been destroyed, a pronaos and opisthodomos. The temple is divided into three aisles by two rows of seven columns each, with two rows of smaller columns above them which supported the wooden roof (a unique example). One of these smaller columns is visible in the picture between the second and third columns of the portico. The stone is calcareous sinter quarried locally. Copies of the Supplementary Plates, together with the Notes, are reprinted separately and may be obtained from E. R. A. Sewter, 54 Rectory Close, Newbury, Berks., at the cost of one shilling each, post free. The following subjects have already been dealt with: Roman Architecture in Gallia Narbonensis (vol. xvi, No. 46). Roman Remains at Arles, Nimes, Orange, Fréjus (vol. xvi, No. 47). Greek Antiquities in Asia Minor, Greece, Byzantium (vol. xvi, No. 48). Greek Terra-cottas (vol. xvii, No. 49). Scenes from the Trojan War on Greek Vases (vol. xvii, No. 50). Athletics in the Ancient World (vol. xvii, No. 51). Early and Later Greek Comedy (vol. xviii, No. 52). Phrygian and Lycian Monuments (vol. xviii, No. 53). Early Greek Warships (vol. xviii, No. 54). The Work of Augustus (vol. xviii, No. 55). Greek Coins (vol. xix, No. 56).

Temple of Ceres, Paestum The s o-called ‘Basilica’, Paestum Temp le of Concord, Agrigentum Temple of Segesta XCVII

Temple of Neptune, Paestum fo { ME T fi dl: LEA Temple of Segesta, Interior Detail

XCIX Monte Barbaro, Segesta