Pythagoras in the early tradition

IIM@ATOP B PAHHEN TPAXMUAU* TAMO E \ acs Ocoboe nonoxenne Ilmparopa n ero mronzi enna AM HYHACTCA B noxpobnom oGocnonannn. YnoMAHeM AM OCIOBNHE MOMEHTEI, 3ACTABAMIOMNHO BEInennTs mmbaropeiickmit pompoc cpenm Apyrux npobxem Hocorparıyeckoit guxaocopnn. B oramane or Gonsmmmerpa focoxpatnkon Ilmbarop ne ocTaBnx HH ONHOTO counnenna (cam IInmparop nnuero ne micas), noaTomy omemKa ero TBOP4YecTBa NO NEOGXONNMOCTH OCHOBEIBACTCA HA CHOJENNAX, BIATHIX M3 BTOPBIX M TPETBIX pyx. Mngarop cosnan mkony, rae Gsr10 npnnATo He TONBKO HPEBO3NOCHTE ero MYAPOCTh, HO M HPNINCHBATE eMy AOCTIHKEMIA NMOCICAYIOMUX nokonennd. Oco6miú xapartep nuparopelickol Tpannmmm HPMBOANT K TOMY, ITO TPYAHO ÖbIBAaeT pemnTs, KOMY NPHHANNEHIT Kanıoe monorkenne — camomy Ilıharopy waw ero nocnenoratenam V—IV nn. He cayuañno pan mecnenorareneit NPeANOYHTAIT TOBOPHTB O nnbaropeïrax a menom, a ne o IIndarope, ocrapaaa OTKPHITHIM BONPOC O ero BKAANE B o6mylo CHCTEMY mubaropelickux mpencraBnennit 7, C otmmm TPYANOCTAMIN CTOAKHYICA ye APHNCTOTENB, KoTopsil MPCANOWTAI manararp YIeNNA nuaropeiines. ne YHOMMHAN IIMemm CAMOTO Mugaropa *. Henocpencrsennzie yuennrn IImbaropa me ocrasıınm nano>xennit ero durocobckoro yuennsa; XOTA BO3MO>KHOCTE GHTORANNA TAKHX coummensiit NCKMIOUNTH 101531, ymoMmmmammnit o mix mo coxpanınoch. Ileppan Knnra TaKOTO pona NOABNNACH AB a mocnenneii uerseprn V 8. Ona npmmanneskana nııbaropeiuy Diazona, KoTophil pornnca oxono 470 r., T. e. nprauepno uepez 20 zer nocne cmeprn Ilıharopa. [ocre Gonee uem noryropasekosoro cnopa BoKpyr @®parmenton Kaurn Drrnonas 6ONBIMMMCTBO YAICHBIX CKNOHAIOTCA K Mpmamanino NOMANMMOCTN MHOTHX 113 MIX 4, mo mn aro He pemaer npobreME, 160 cpa3y ;ke BO3NHKACT BONPOC: B Kakoii mepe Onsgonai nanaraeT yuenne IIndaropa, a » Kakoîi — cnoe co6ctnennoe? Oco6ste TPYAHOCTH CBA3AnÓ C TCM, uro 66nnman Nacrb enenemmi o Ilmtbarope n ero yuenmmkax 1omna no nac n nepenaye noanneanTitynsix asropos: Inorena Jlaspuns, Ilpoxna, Hopgnpra n flunnnxa. B nx counnenunx nennme congerenberea apropon IV m. * Bupaxalo ray6oky10 npuanarensrocrk A, M. 3aiineny n A. K. Tanpıınopy, Kotopsre npounTanıt pyKOMIcb 9TOÏ CTATLI M CAeNAAM MHOTO Menmux samenamii, 3necb n mance nce gati, Kpome 0C060 OTOBOPCHHEIX, OTHOCATCA KO BPCMCHN JO H. 2. — HA TCKCTH, ormocnınnecn K Muparopy u nudaropeiinaM, ¡anal no nananıno Junbca-Kpanna. Par, nanpumep, Bundesvdand B. Heropun npesneit puaccodun. CII6., 1902, c. 25; Levy J. Recherches sur les sources de la légende de Pythagore. P., 1926, p. 8; Robin L. The Greek Thought and the play of Scientific Spirit. N. Y., 1928, p. 50 f.; Cleve F. The Giants of Presophistic Greek Philosophy. V. 2. The Hague, 1969, p. 449 ff. 3 Met. 985b23, 987a9; De an. 404a16, 405b31 mr. x. H nanpotus, tam, rae APHCTOTENE naanpact [lnbaropa mo Men, om mistero me ronopnr o ero purocopun: Rhet. 1398b14; fr. 191 Rose. Cp., onnaxo: Protr. fr, 191 Düring. 4 Hcropmo aroro nonpoca cm. Thesle/f II. An Introduction to the Pythagorean Texts of Hellenistic Period. Abo, 1961, p. 41 ff. + np NN

(Apnerorens, l'epaxanuxa Iloutuiicxoro, Auxeapxa, Apucrokcexa, ICTOpUK& Tumex u xp.) vpesputalimo TPyAHO OTHEAUTE OT HeonnparopelicKux Hanna- CTOBAHHÄ WIN banTacTuyeckux PaCcCkKasOB nucareneh mosnnei onoxu (a nyxe pomana Antouua Muorena «Uypeca no Ty cropony Dym»). Mrak, OYOBUAMO, “UTO CHOMHOCTE nuparopeíckoro bonpoca cBAsaHa npexkJe Bcero e XapakTepoM Hamux mcrouuwxos. B cepexune XIX 2. 9. Uernep nuca, Yo no Mepe orTHarenna oT ppemenu Ilubaropa KonMYeCTBO aTHX NCTOTHIKOB BO3pacTaeT, A HOCTOBEPHOCTE CTAHOBHTCH Bce menbuteii ®. Ilocne pana ynauusıx HONLITOK HAÏTI AyTeuTuyusIe CHCNCHHA B HOSHAHHX HC- TOYHIKAX COPABEAAUBOCTL aToii onenku Guia cepsesunim o6pazon noko:e6- nesa, ONHAKO HONHOCTEIO OT Hee OTKa3aTbcA menpan. Tem Óoneo ynuBuTenbHo, uro nocue Iennepa nouri He HOABIAJOCE Pañor, B KOTOPHX crapunacb 6h sanaya OXBATUTE M JHOCTATOUHO HONHO NPOAHANNMSNPOBATE CaMBii pannnii oral Tpanumım — connerenserna antopos VI—V nn. ® Meskay Tex OT aToro nepnoxa coxpauniocs okono 15 ynoomunaunit o [udarope u uubaropeïuax,— uuaue ropopa, ropasxo 6onbIue, uem o J11000M xpyroë duiocode Toro spemenu (Auakcusannp u [lapmenux ponce He ynoMHHAIOTCH apropamu V B.). Cymecrsenno, BnpoueM, Jake He KONHYECTBO ITUX couxerenserTs (n cnenyıomes, IV »., ux Gyner po xuoro pas Gone), a 11x GausocTE K nepuony bopMuposauua nubaropeñckux yuenmit, IIpu orcyrersun couunenuï camoro Ilubaropa u ero HenocpencTsennbix yYeHUKOB Kaxnoe CBHHETENECTBO UX COBPEMCHHMKOB UMeeT MOUTH TY 50 UEHNOCTL, UTO M HOC- JOBHAA MUTATA H3 COUYUHCHMA Kaxoro-160 Apyroro Nocorparııka. Braroxapa APEeBHOCTH 2TOÏ TPanummm MEI MO}K®M He COMUCBATECA B TOM, UTO ee CBefemlst OTHOCATCA HMEHHO K CaMOMY OCHOBATENIO Mkozii M ero Önmkalımemy OKpy>KeHHI0, A He K HX NOCHENOBATENAM, ABI ua 100 ner 10350, T. e. cunMAIOTCH BONPOCH, HCM30C>KHO BO3HUKAIOINUE Rake UPN HCCHeHOBANNN parMentos Duronan, ue rosopa o nuanorax Ilnarona unu cooGuennax Apucrorenn. Takum o6pazom, ananua paumeü TPAaAMMMM ABNMETCA ONHUM 13 BEChMa HEMHOTEX CHOCOÖ6OB, npHOIMKAIOIMUX nac K HOHMMANHMIO ApeBHero nuparopeli3Ma. Ecm Mu cyMeex DONATE, YTO 3Hanı u UTO xyMaru o Iluparope ero conPeMeHHUKH M CHEHYIOINE 3a HUM HECKOABKO HOKONCHU (10 HOABHICHNA KBUTIL Duuoraa), TO ato HACT I exuucrseuxoe, MOT ÖLITL, CPEACTBO KpuTuueckoï uposepku Goxee mosnueii Tpanumum, yayıman c IV n. x BunoTE no nepyux BeKoB H. 9. HeoGxomumocrs Takoït nposepki molsTua cama no cede, no I HaCTOAICE BpeMma HAJMUMO TAKOTO KPHTEPUA OCOÛCHHO BAJKHO B CBA3U C YCWaupmelich Teumeunueii OTpunaTb CKONLKO-UNÖyAL suauuTerbnnii praan Iluaropa x ero HENOCPEACTBEHHLIX YYeHUKOB B PasDUTIHE Kak hunocobuu, Tak u Hayku. B nocnenuue roxu Kak pas C 9TUX nosuuuiï nanucanzi apa manbonceKPYUHBIX Tpyfa no ucropuu uubaropeusMa: B. Bypkepra u B. JI. san nep Bappena’; Bnpouexs, x pause 9707 Baraay ue Gum penkoctkıo®, B cyınmocrıt, $ Zeller E. Die Philosophie der Griechen in ihrer geschichtlichen Entwicklung. Aufl. B. I. Lpz, 1892, S. 364. 5. 4 ° Kpome ue6onsmoii, no ovenb Baxuoï crarbu camoro Uennepa (Zeller E. Ober die _. ältesten Zeugnisse zur Geschichte des Pythagoras (1885).— In: Kleine Schriften. B., 1910, S. 458—472), mnowmanyii, enuucrseunoü o6croatenbuoii pa60Toii ma sty TeMy sın- HACTCA ARSCOUTATAN B. Patmaua (Rathman W. Questiones Pythagoreae, Orphicae, Empedocleae. Halle, 1933, S. 37—58), onuaxo runepkputuyeckoe OTHOWIENNE ABTOPA K PAAY CBUNCTENECTB CHH>KACT LUOHHOCTE CTO BHDONOB. 7 Burkert W, Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism. Cambr., 1972; Waerden B. L., van der, Pythagoreer: Religiöse Bruderschaft und Schule der Wissenschaft. Zürich, 1979. Cu, Taxıke Barnes J. The Presocratic Philosophers. V.I.L., 1979, p. 101 ff. Axt. Dumm coxpanser sa panni nuparopeñnmama dunocoduso, no OTPHUAOT UX BKJIAN B me eee J. Pythagoras and Early Pythagoreanism. Toronto, 1966). | -, Haupumep, Frank E. Plato und die sogenannten Pythagoreer. Halle, 1923; Bollinger J. Die sogenannten Pythagoreer des Aristoteles. Ziirich, 1925; Rathman. Op. cit., p. 23 sq.; Heidel W. A. The Pythagoreans and Greek Mathematics.— AJP, 61, 1940, p. 1—33; Gigon O. Der Ursprung der griechische Philosophie. Basel, 1945, S. 142— 146; Verdenius W, Notes on Presocratics,— Mnemosyne, 13, 1947, p. 282. ]rcr..rre.deÒEe

DINAR ITOT CRONNTCA K CNOLyIOMeMY: PANHAA Tpapnımıtsı ne HACT CDUNETENBCTB nayumoú n bmnocoberoit nentenpnoctm Ilmbaropa, a Te, ITO NOMBAAIOTCA NO3:Ke, HPeNCTABAMIOT COGOÏ MB npoerimio B IMpommoe S8AHATHŸ, mpomneTABINGX cperu mirdaropeittten IV n. Bmecre c Text B purnorax nccrexosaTeneit aroro HanpabrennA naGnIONaeTCA cymectnennan N OTeHNb IOKA3ATENbnan o8ontonna. Jina 9. Dpanka apropamn Bcex KocTı;kemmit, HPNINCHBACMEX panne more (ox. 530 — ox. 470 rr.), Guinn «Tax mazsipaemzie nuparopeitIbs, KOTOPHX ON OTOMACCTBAAN € HOCHEAHNM BeANKNM nocreopaterem [In- «paropa Apxutom Tapentcknm n ero yuenmkamm (nepsan nonosmma IV 2.) °. B. Bypxepr, cornamanch c 9. Dpankom » nerarTmpnoït ouenke paHHeit ITKONEI, KPNTHKyeT ero 3a npeynennyenmm M CRAZBHIRACT HAyano PHAIOCOÏCKOÏ n nay4Hoi AentensHocru nugparopeñnen c umenem Dunonan *. ABrop nocrennero Kpynnoro Tpyna B aroit o6nactı, manecTHEtit HCTOPIK Haykı pan nep Bapren roron noïTn eme Jansme B peabuautannn panneit mon. On npnanaer ee Gonsmmne sacrnyrn B MATEMATIKe, ACTPOHOMHE H du-31KC, HO OTKA3EIDACTCH CAHENATL ATO NO OTHOMENTIO K camomy Ilndaropy, KoTOporo pitcyer ANMb MAMATINDBEIM YUCHMKOM BABMJOHAH, NEPECKA3ABIIIM CBONM YYCHNKAM CYTb Nonyuennnx 3snannit !!, Cpegenma O BOCTOYHEIX CBAaax Ilndaropa, Kkoropne nan nep Bapnen wepnaer na panneii Tpanmıymı, mu PACCMOTPHM Hike, A MOKA Mb OTMETHM, UTO O0MAN TOTOBHOCTB CBA3HIBATE -3apoxnenno rpewecKoil Maykn c neperaueñ anannii c Boctoka Kaskercnh Ham neonpanzannoit, 160 no Gonsmeit TACTH ona He onmpaerca HN na Rocronepuze NCTOPUTECKHNE CBIMETCALCTBA, HIM HA KOMKpeTnuzie dakTH 113 OÓJACTH MATCMA- THK x acrpomomm 1, ‘ Henpexsanroe paccmorpenne panneit rpanunmm y6exxmaer, 4TO ona oT- HIONb ne ANIMCHA CHNNETENECTB mayımoii 1 bnnocodbceroit nentensuocru Iln- «paropa n ero yuennmkon. Mut, Gesycnonno, ne NOMMKHE OKMHATE METANBHOTO COBNANCHIA aTHX PPATMENTAPHEHX cnenenmit € Tem, UTO M3BECTHO M3 NCTOTHH- Kon IV n. m nocxonameñ x mim moanmeii Tpanummm, HO M CXOHCTRBA o6mux KOUTypoB Óyner nocrarommo, YTOÖLI IIPN3HATB OMMÓOTHLIM Te3snc 06 HCKIIOSITENEHO PENNTNOSNOM o3NayaeT, ÓYATO XAapakrepe pannero MB OTPHUMAeM, YTO unparopenama. Crasannoe He peANrNosHoe yWuenue COCTABAANO OMHY 13 CYIMeCTBENHBIX CTOPOH atoro mepnona. Kar pas e aroîi croponoï cnazano mepsoe ynomnnanne o [Inparope, npirmanseskamee ero conpemennnxy Kcenodany (B 7) *: * Onupanch na Bupaxenne Apuctotenn ot “aAouuevor TluSayépaior Ppank no- UNTAACH OGOCHORATE TOTKY 3PCNNA O PANMKANBNOM Oran aTHX Mndaropeline n oT nepDHX yyennKon [unbaropa. On noaxpenaaa cnoit nunoy APyruM pblpa:xenmem APICTOTean — va xadoipeva ’Opqtré (De an, 410b27), xoropoe nnonon KOMMCHTHPOBA N Tak: inadn un Boxei As Sad siva ti inn (Frank. Op. cit., S. 356). Taxum o6pazost, ci xarowevot Iudaybpsciot — ne nacronmme nudaropeüns, Opnsaxo Mepnucc (Cherniss I, Aristotle's Criticism of Presocratic Philosophy. Baltimore, 1935, p. 348) ykasuBaer Ma CHCHYIOMCO BHpaskenne: ci ApmeroteNb HO MOT CUNTATh ITHX npennomenne Y.; Tarpıı nepenonumn a a p. xaAoipevor yewpyoi (Pol. KpecThAN HENACTOAMNMN, of xadrodperot 1290640). Oueniymmo, aro CHPABEMINBEM Tudayópeio: Kak «Te, Kakeren KOTO masuiacia (Guthrie W. A History of Greek Philosophy. V.I. Cambr., 1962, , 1 B orauane ot Mpanxa, yacanmmero panneit Tpanmımmm Am ONO MPHMOTARMO (Frank, Op. cit., S. 356, Anm. 166), Bypxepr mocsamaet eñ ance raanıt (Burkert. Op. cit., P- 208—218, 277—298). 1! Waerden, van der. Op. cit., S. 42 f. «Bapnaonckne nocruxemnn n anre6pe, reometpnn n acrpomomm Guan, MO-BittMOMY, TIPAKTHACCKIN Hamo Tosker,— MICan HENADCCTHH yx0 rPCKAM nocne JO mepsuix 8naTOK Tpeseckoit nayxn T. Xur (Heath Bpemenm orkputnii Anercanıpa O. Maxenonckoro Heñre6ayapa T. L. Mathemathics in Aristotle. nan xpymmeitmtit Oxf., 1945, p. 195). Amanornumsm o6pazom onenusaer naunune Boctoxa na TpeuecKylO MaTeMaTHKy m actponommio H. Il. Poxancrnit (Passnrne ecrecrnosuamım B onoxy aurnynocrn. M.: Hayxa, 1979, c. 45, 50). 13 Ceuakn ma dparmentiy nocorparmros Namwren mo manammo: Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker. Hrsg. H. Diels, W, Kranz. B. I-II. Zürich, 1959.

Pas om mpoxonim HM DHJAUT — BE3KUT OT no6oeB cobauka, }Kanb emy cTano 1 ON CHOBO TaKOe NBpeK: TIonno, ue Geii! B stom susre morolimura Muzioro ro10c, 9ro ponnoit mue menor, Apyra a B men yanam Y, (llep. C. A. Jlypve). Ilepex Hamu carıpa na camyio cyTb pernruosnoï xoxTpunu [Inbaropa — yuenue o mepecenenun ayu. fissnrensunii Kcenopan mpunaraer perurwosHYIO muero K anekzoTuueckoï curyamuu. Ho enpa AM 3H8Cb MO>KHO BUT NHIIb HACMEMIKY UPOCBEMCHHOrO nounniína nan nugaropelickuMu ımpenpaccyakamu 2°. Kcenodan, kak u Ilnparop, npoñnsanx untepec K penuruu, HO HaupasJenue ero HOHCKOB ÓLINO COBCOM HHLIM — 9THM NH OÓBACHACTCA HENPHATHE MerTeMncuxosa. Barecre c Tem ero HEMNOÖPOSKENATENbHOCTL MO OTHOMIEHNIO K Iubaropy Mora uMeTb u xpyrue npuyumu. O6a oun omurpuposann na Hogra u npu6sınu Bp Bennxyio T'pemmo B opumoyKy, AuIeHHHE HOJUIEpPA Ku poxuoro nonuca. Ho ecau Kcenoban sunyapen Gum no6mbaTs cebe na upouuTaune peuuranueii TOMEPOBCKUX noom, TO Ilubarop B camoe Koporkoe BpeMA HOÓMICA IIMPOKOTO UPNSHANMA 1 CTAN BO TNABO OPTAHM3OBAHHOTO MM » Kporoxe nouuruueckoro cowsa 1, K tomy ae penuruoauoe yueuue Iluparopa umezo Kya Gonbmuit ycuex, ven ugeu Kcemopana. Tlo-munumomy, ormomenue K IInbaropy cknansızanoch y Kcenobaua ue 6e3 BauauuA 3ABUcru K Öonee yAaynunomy conepuuky. Mo;ker GuTb, nooromy Kcenodan u He YHOMMHaeT O HAYYHHX 3AuATUAX MOCMIENHeEro (xOTH cam ON HPOABAAN Goxbmoit uuTepec K TAKUM 3aHATUAM): pel Ilubaropy u anecb comyretnoBana yiaua. C apyroi cTopouH, y Hero UPOCTO Morzio ue GuTb HOBONA ynoMAHYTb 00 3TOM. Baxno ormernrs, uro Kcenopan BECTynan He TOJBKO nporus penuruosHOro, HO x upoTus dunocobcroro yuenma Ilubaropa. B ero crosax o TOM, TO Oo>keCTBO BEAUT M CULT, HO ue BALIxaeT (A I, 25), npunato puxers DONeMUKy c nubaropolickolí kocmoronnelí, cormacuo KOTOPOÏ Mup o6pa3y- ETCH IyTeM BIbIXanHIs ua3Bue 46ecuperersuoro Bo3xyxa» (Arist. Phys. 213b22, 203a6; Met. 1091a17) 17, u6o Goxxecrso Kcenopana MEICIUTCA sxecs TOJKAOCTBeHHEIM Mupy *, Comperenscreo ]Iworeua Jlaspuua o row, uro Kcenobau dverdozioni Iludayipat (IX, 18), cnenyer, no-suaumomy, CBA3LIBATb HO TOJBKO C NPOMNTUPOBAHHLIMM BLING CTHXAMM, HO B HCPBYIO OYEPOAb c duocobckolí nomemmkoit. Hs npusexennoro pparmenra Kcenobana mo:xno 3akmiouuTs, UTO B KONIC VI — Hazaze V nm. merewncuxos Gum ye muupoxo uspecton B Benuxoït Tpenuu u cesaumanca c umenem Jlubaropa. Corxacuo mauGonee pacnpocTpameunoä Toyke spenna, Ilubarop nepeunn ero y ophuxos, kax y 6oneo paHHero pelnmruo3Horo TeYeHuA, OXHAKO Te, KTO COMHEBAETCH B PaAHHOM pacmupoctpanenun OphuaMa, npunucuparsor Ilubaropy yuenue o merewnceuxose !#. Mexxy TEM CKeNTHIM3M B BOUPOCE O Apenuocru OpPusMa KAKOTCA HAM MA/1014 Musa Mugaropa B cruxax npamo ue ynomanyTo, uo ConLuncTBO yIeuux HPM3HAIT, uro Kcenodan usen B Buny MMCHHO ero, HOCKOALKY 06 oToM ropopur Jluoreu Jlaapuuii (VIII, 36). Cp., onuaxo, Rathman, Op. cit., p. 37—38. . 15 Tak nmonaraer Punun (op. cit., p. 9). a Ge yaar E. Early Pythagorean Politics in Practice and Theory. Baltimore, » P. : 1? Tannepu Il. Tleppue marı npesnerpeveckoii mayku, Cn6., 1902, c. 123; Burnet J. Early Greek Philosophy. 3 ed. L., 1920, p- 108; Guthrie. Op. cit., p. 200, not. 2, p. 277 f.; Kahn Ch. H. Pythagorean Philosophy before Plato.— In: The Presocratics/Ed. Mourelatos A. P. N. Y., 1974, p. 183; Sinnige T. G. Matter and Infinity in the Presocratic Schools and Plato. Assen, 1968, p. 59; Babut D. Sur la «theologies de Xènophane.— RPh, 164, 1974, p. 433 suiv. 18 Guthrie. Op. cit., p. 381—383. N 19 Wilamowitz-Möellendorf U. von. Der Glaube der Hellenen. B. 2. B., 1932, S. 132 ff.; Linforth I. The Arts of Orpheus. Berkeley, 1941; Long Hf. A Study of the Doctrine of Metempsychosis in Greece from Pythagoras to Plato. Princeton, 1948, p. 89 ff.; Burkert, OB: eit., p. 126; Kahn. Pythagorean philosophy..., p. 106; Zunz G. ne. Oxf., 124 1971, p. 277 ff. Persepho-

o6ocnosanntim. Henasnne naxoxxn n Cenepnom Ilpuuepnomop»e onposepralor nanGonce yGenTensHHe APTYMEHTEI, BHJBNHYTHE HA 9TOT cuer JInnpoprou *. B mongay Gonsmeït Apesnoctn opdmieckoro ysenna O METEMICHx03€ TOBOPHT n CanxerTerscr80 Mona Xmocckoro, nosta-Tparnka I dnrocoa cepennust V n. Mon yrsepsknan, uro IInbarop mpunmcan nexkoropre cson CTHXOTBOPNLIE nponasexenna Opdero **, Uepes monnera Apyroü aptop, Jnuren, Öyner mitcars O npimannemnoctm Oopdnueckux moam mmbaropeiimam Kerponcy 1 Bponrnny (15 A1). Ilockonsky y nac ner chenenni o counneuuax IInbaropa, cnona Mona ny:xmo nonnmaTk Kak JNoranxky, BOSHIKIIYIO HA OCHOBE CXONCTBA H3DCCTHHX emy mmbaropelickux maelí C Tem, UTO OH BEIyuran B opbnueckoü moame °°, A cxonusm n oppmame n mmdaropensme ABIAeTCA HMEHHO METEMIICHXO3 (CO BCEMI BHTCKAIONUMH 13 HETO NOCACHCTRUAMHE: puryanbuoú mpartmroli n T. A.),— n elsa Au uro-nu6yas eme. Crexopareznsno, ye B cepeanne V n. mMenm xo;xKenme oppmieckme MOaMEI, B KOTOPEIX conep>kanoch yuenne o nepecenennn 1ym. Mon n Onuren OTHOCAT mx CO3Hanue x VI». Onnaxo neppbre NOOME TAKOTO poxa BOsHIKAN eme zo IImbaropa — Tpanumup HPumiciraer mx apropam nayana VI n. (DK 1 A 1; B A5, B 20a; 1 A 18). M ecan l'eponor yrsepraar, 470 CO3AATCIM ITHX n03M II nocre Tosepa x Tecmona (II 53), ro ato, pasymeerca, me Morzio OTHOCHTECA nn K mokozenmo IIndaropa (KoTopstit yMep 3a neckon»ko ser No pompenna Teponota), nm K conpemennmkam camoro l'epoxora. O anagomerse Tleponora € ophnaecknm yyenneM CBUNETENLCTBYET m3anectHb HACCAXK, B KOTOPOM ON TOBOPHT, YTO NEPBEIMH O NepeceNennn ym CTAMM YUNTb ermnTane, a 3aTeM Nobasıner: «Vuenme 3T0 HEKOTOPHE 2AAMHE H370WHIM KAK cRoe CoGcrBennoe, OX panbme, Apyrne nose. Mmena a mx ne coo6maw, xoTa n amaro» (II, 123). Ocrapuna na Bpemst sonpoc O ermnerckom NPONCXOKMCNUM TOBOpA MOTEMNCHXO3A, oi wey rpéxepoy, oi dè PACCMOTPHM, Koro MMeeT n pnxy l'epoxor, borspov. Ocnonnse Mperennentsi, ne pas HASHBABINNCCH B HAYANOÏËN ANTepaType,— ato oppuru, nubaropeíns n JMnenoxn Y. Ilmbaropeiines orciona nckniounTs nnKkak nenpaa: B Apyrom mecte y Teponora (IV, 95) nus Inparopa npamo csaassaerea co CXOHEIMH mieamm. Uro kacaerca Amnexokna, TO on KaKeTca Menee Npnemmemoit Kanaunarypoü, nexenn ophnxn. Bonpexn muemmo Bypxepra 1 Jlonra **, op@ukn yum o nepecezenna xym (oro acno xora On wa cnop Mona), x Tepoxor nomken Gun snatb 06 atom. Bio Ont ovens crpanno, ecan 651, TOBOPA o metemncnxose, Peponor ne nMer B BUY OppusM, B KOTOPOM arto yuenme nrparo B nenTpalbnyio oi ‘Elo, poms. &yprpav:o of pèv rpérepoy, of dè Üo-epoy ecrectsennee BHJICTS one NPommsIXx NOKONCHHË, a ne conpemenamra Teponora — Iunenoxna. Tloatomy crexyer oTKasaTbCA OT PACKPEITHA TEPONOTOBCKOTO HAMCKA, KOTOPOC npennomkmm B cBoe Bpema Buyeman: 1) oppnukn 1 nuparopeña m 2) Iumenora *, Haxonen, eme oxmm apryMent: Tam, rue Teponor BUePBHe KACACTCH ATOMO YICHNA, ON MAZLIBACT HMEHHO OpbnkoB n mnparopeünes. «Ernntane,— numer on,— He BXONAT B XpaMH B Mepcranoï onexne m no norpebalor B net noKoitumxon, M6O aTo CINTACTCH HEYECTHBEIM. B orom OHM CXOMHU C TOMH, KOTO HA3LIBAIOT ophnramn, n c IMParopelímama 39, 2 Haïñnennwe B Onbpun rpadbnrn noxaasmamr, “ro ye n Cepenmme V D. speck Gunn ont, naswsabtmmo ceön ophnramn. Car. Pycresa A. C. Ophnax n xyasr Jnonnca n Onsoun.— BIH, 1978, M 1, c. 87—104; ona are. Bemnenenbiecrne KyabTH B Onsenn norerckoro Bpemenn. Kmes, 1979, c. 73—75. 1 iva rorjgavta aveveyxety eig "Opota (A2). #2 Linforth. Op. cit., p. 188. = Burkert. Op. cit., p. 126.1 3 Long. Op. cit., p. 89 ff.; Burkert. Op. cit., p: 125. 3 Widemann A. Herodots zweites Buch. Lpz, 1890, S. 459 f. . 35 Oro mpennowmenne IIpencTapıeno B PYyKONNCHOÏ Tpannıım ABYMA BaPNARTAMN 1) duoAorioucı di talta toïgi ’Opgixoio: xadeopivotar xal Iludayopeiota (Flor.). 2) émoAoqéer Bi tabta toict Operxoicr xañeou évoior xal Baxyixoîar, todo: Bi *Aryurtiouar xat Iludaopeiotai (Rom.). Mx yetansumit ananna, npenmpunatzii JImadoprox (op. cit., p. 38, f.), ne OCTABAACT COMBCHNÑ B NPCHNONTHTENLIOCTI Mepnoro sapnanta.

Benb nocBAmeHnnoro B IX TaMHNCTBA He MO3BONCHO XOPOHMTE B IOPCTAHOÏ onenne 27, O6 orom rosopur x coauçeunoe ckasamue» ? (II, 81). Kacance atolt Teast BO BTopoit pas (II, 123), Peponor, Hecomuenno, mMex B BAY Tex ;Ke CAMBIX Opduron 11 nuparopelínen, XOTA M HO magumnaz ux upaMo. À ecau Tak, TO ero CAIOBA, Kak I cCBuyeTemEcTBO Mona, ropopat o npuopureTe Opbuama (oi ¡iv xpétepov), I MoXBEpraTb 9TO cayuae Jamuom B y nac Her OCHOBauui COMHCHMIO. Oóa repoxorogckux Maccaska CBH3HBAlOT Ophukos u mudaropeliuos c EruntomM, ofuako cass ata ouens oGmManuupa. Eruntaue noïcrsutensuo HCHONLZOBAIM MPM 3AXOPOHCHUM TOJIBKO JILHMHB® INOJGHH M manıpyc, HO He B CHAY KAKOTO-NNÖ60 sampera Ha IMepcTb, A AIME H3-34 00 HOUPHrOHHOCTH Ana MyMnud@ugupopanua. Booóme waxonku mepcrambx semeñ B norpebeHUAX Kpaïue penku °°, UTO MO>KOT TOBOPHTL O MAJOM HCHOABZOBAUNN MX » Erunte (8 Tpemmm «ae — npamMo nporusonouo>xkuañ CuTyYamua), MOITOMYy 3anper U KACAJNCH TOJBKO HOKOÏHHKOB. ÜTHOCHTENLBHO METEMICHXOZA CHCHYVET CKa3aTb, UTO BCO CHOUNMANUCTEI nO erHueTCKOÏ Penurum CAMHOMYUIHO OTPUMAIOT Maruyue 2TO HOKTPHHAI y eruutan %, Teponor, ouesuquo, Gun BBeNeH B 3abnyskleuue TOM, UTO NO eTHUETCKUM Ipe/lcrapzienisiM OJUUA W3 Ayın YMePIOrO MOTA IpuHHIMATb o6pazu paaımyumsıx >KMBOTHBX *', Inech cyuecrsonaza u popa DB Ceccmepruo Ayııı, HO 06a ITH NPCACTaAvACHUA HUKAK HOJILIA OOLOAMHUTL D MOTEMUCHXOS, u60 3arpoÖHan >KU3UBb CBASLIBANACh Y CrUNTAH pee BCero C COXPAHHOCTBIO Tela ymepmero (II “ero ero 1 MYMMHMUMPOBANM), a 9TO HPAMO HPOTHBOpeuuT unee mepecenenun Ayu B Apyroe Teno. Hrax, MEI Bum, ITO mpenmonoskemue T'eponora O cena oppuueckux x uudaropeiickux upeucrasreuni c Eruntom aumeno ocuosauui. Ho nassen OTBET y Ha Apyroif pompoc: nonaran au ou, uTo IIndarop no6usaa » Erunte? Cyxa no scemy, ner. l'epoxor uurxe ue numer 06 aToM, a B Tex ABYX mecTax, re peub uner o mibaropeiiıtax, onu cBASHIBalIoTcA c ErwuTom ue UPAMO, a TOABKO Tepes nuocpexcrso op&buron (Il, 81, 123). B aroü ke Kuure (II, 49) weropux unmet O TOM, YTO npopuuarers Menamn no3aumctTsosan y eruntau KYALT /Iuonnca, a upuôwemmue crexou 3a HUM MyXpek (B KOTOpLIX ueTpyAuo yranarp Opbea u Mycea 33) noruce PasbACHUAM SHauenne sTOrTO KyJbTa. Veranasnaupaomas ‘TepogoTom cnazb: eruuraue — Menamn — Oppeú u Myceit — oppuru — uudaropeiinw —ue TONBKO He IpennoNnaraer noe31ku caxoro Mugparopa (c uersw eme pas 3a11MCTBOBATb METEMIICHXO3?), no MH JeJaeT ee no cymectay uanummeit *. Tex ue menee cnona Tleponora male scero monuMancb wuenno Kak IaMex Ha nyremecrsue Iluparopa. Y:xe nepnoe upawoe ynommmanse O Hex (Isocr., Bus. 28) nocur aBnyio neuars repoxorosckoro pacckasa **, B peuu, BOCXBanammeii Muuueckoro erunerckoro napa Bycupuca, Hcoxpar numer: «Ilmparop Camocckui, OTTpaBuUBUINCb K ETUNTAHAM MH CTAB ux yICHHKOM, He€pBHM NO3HAKOMINI 3MMMHOB C eruneTcKOi punocopueit, o6parus ocoboe BHHMAUNE Ha >KCPTBONPUHHOMCHNA I OHUCTUTENBHEE HCPeMOuHHY. Xapaktep # 9ror oGutaii conda € BHTEKAIOUUM 13 MeTeMIcux03a 3a0perom ua yuorpeozeuno MACHO MMMM, oncyax. KOTOPpulit TPANCPOPMMPOBAICH u D aanper 3axoponcnus B WEPCTAULX «Koneuuo, MOHO MOÖLTL wepcTb, ue npoausan Kposu,— numer l'atpu,— HO HACHAINC Hay AMBOTUMIM CYUTANOCK UCYECTHBLIM JA NOCBNINENHHOTO. HcKaTE pasyunyo ocuony axeck Geccumicreuuo» (Guthrie W. Orpheus and Greek religion. L., 1935, p. 198). 28 Biepós 2Abyog cueqyeT BuAcTh, cKopee Bcero, opuyecky H02MY, KOTOpyo Iuuren npuuncuvaz muparopeiiny Kerkponcy (cm. Guthrie. Orpheus..., p. 15), a BosMOWHO, M KAKOe-TO nubaropoñcroe counnenne (ca. . Delatte A. thagoricien.— RPh, 34, 1910, p. 175 ff.). 29 Lloyd A. B. Herodotus, book II. Leiden, 1976, p. 373. Un tepic Abrog py- 30 Widemann. Op. cit., S. 457—458; Kees IH, Totonglaube und Jenseitsvorstellungen der alten Agypter. 4. Aufl. B., 1980, S. 6. 31. Wideman. Op. cit., S. 458, 32 Rathman. Op, cit., p. 49. 33 Cu. Zeller. Pinllosgglito... S. 306, Anm. 2. % Guthrie, A History..., p.

aTOro PHTOPHYECKOTO YNPAKHONNA Cpasy e BO30 YAKHACT NOHO3PENNA B HCTHHnoctn cnegennit 9, K tomy me Hcoxpat o6tananet, uro ne 3a6oTnTcA o mpanansoctn (Bus. 4), a B konno npAMO npnaHaeT, UTO TOBOPHT HenpaBKy (Bus. 33). 9rx npuananna B nonnoï Mepe OTHOCATCA KO BCOMY, UTO OH NIET o 3AMMCTROBANMHAX rpexon n Ernnre %, Conepmenno ouesnxxo, UTO B ITOM ponpoce ero BOBCE ne sammmazia nCcTopuiecKkan npanza. Crerenua, coo6maemzie McokparToM, IPAMO OTHOCATCA K TOMY, 4TO ropopna l'epoxor: caamenmue o6panzi m Pernrnosnoe yuenne, COCTABIMIOMELO TACTb 3ANMCTBOBAHHOÏ IIndaropom ebnnocobnn»s. Ho ecran Mcokpar ropa3no pemmrersnee, Jem Teponor, cónmkaer mnparopenam m ernneTCKyl0 pennrmo, TO 3TO HHKAK ne ronopunr o Gonsmeït ero ocsexomrennocrTn 8 Gnorpadun IInbaropa. Booöme IIndarop ana Mcoxpata — anno rpersecrenennan purypa: Bo Bcem Kopnyce ero counnennit on durypupyerT TONBKO OAMH pas. CronT ckazaTb HM O BTOPOM NO Bpemenn ynomMunannn o noeaaxe IIndaropa 8 Eruner, npnuannexamem meropnry pyGexa IV—III mm. Texatew AGnepcKomy, XOTA OHU HM BHIXOMNT 3A PAMKH PACCMATPNBACMOTO Hamm nepnona. Mu ynommnaem ero noTOMy, 4T0 X OHO OCHOBAHO Ha pacckase l'eponoTa n (rouno Tax >ke Kak x cnona Hcoxpata) mpencrasıner coboit nnreparypnyt bnkmmio *, Uro xe Momo cKasaTs 06 aTOM NyTemecTBAN, ec mepniie CBENCHHA O HOM HENOCTOBEPHL, A OCHODAHHAA HA HIX MO3NHAA TPanmıtıım ne no6apıner nn omnoii npasaononoGnoËï nerann? JInmb TO, YTo B HCÉCTBNTeNBHOCTI ero me Guizzo HAN, MO MenbIeit Mepe, ITO Y Mac HET ocmoBamıit PEpiTb B ero peanbnocth 3°. ATOT BHBOX eme Gonee CHPABEHANB B OTHOIMENNM nocsnxn IInharopa 5 Bamnnon. Cooömenna o neït nonpuance anmb B 31ANNNCTHUCCKYIO BNOXY, KAK PaspuTne panneit nerenfapnolt Tpagnunn, n HHKAK He MOTYT PACCMATPHBATECH B KAUCCTBE S3ACIYKMBAIOINX JHOBEPIA CRHAETCNBCTE °°, B cenaan c OTHM CTAHOBNTCA OYepmmmoit HECOCTOATENBHOCTL HONEITOK NOKA3ATb BOCTOTHO® NPONCXompmenme HuxnocoPcKux, PENHUTHO3HEIX MIN HAyuAux sarzazion Ilmparopa cemaxoït ma ero nyremecrsna. Tpanunum o mux HENOCTOBEPHA, A Be/ib HMeHHO ona (a ne KaKme-To BOCTOYHEIE YePTH B nubaropensme) cunTamach moNKpennniomeii cTapınnoe muenue O Ilmbarope Kak O HCPOHATINKE BOCTOTHOÎI MympoctTn. Ilocnennnit untepecyromnit mac maccam Peponora rare crasan € nonynapuoïñ Tpanummeii, pacnpocrpanasmeltca na monmickoit pormze [Imbaropa. IlonectnyA o nekoeM SanmoxKcnce 13 Ppakniickoro naemMenn reron, KOTOpEIit NO3HAKOMMA CBONX CONJNCMCHHMKOB C yuennem O Geccmeprun xymu, Teponor CO CHO0B MECTHEIX TPEKOB YTBEP;KNAaeT, YTO TOT Mepenaz 970 yuenne OT OHHOTO 38 «A perfunctory um of epideictic invention»,— naswnaet sty pers Jiu. Moppucon (Morrison J, S. The Origins of Plato's philosopher-statesman.— CQ, 1958, v. 52, p. 207). Cm. raxıko Zeller. Dio Philosophie..., S. 304 f.; Burnet, Op. cit., p. 887; Guthrie. A History..., p. 163; Philip. DR: cit., p. 190. Pevib Hcokpara XOTA M BEIXOANT 3a npenenu V 8. (oma mamncana oxono 390 r.), no xapaxrepy oven, Onnska x panneït TpaAMI, NOITOMY MH PeIMAN BKMIONNTE ee B Ham pasbop. 36 Tax, nanpnMep, OH YToepmnan, ITO CUAPTANLE 3ANMCTBOBANN Blech CBOM 3AKOHH,. CHCCHTEN N yNpaskmenngn, 3akanmnpatomme Teno (Jsocr., Bus. 19—20). 3? Texateii numer o nocemenum Ernnta Opdeem, Myceem, Mexawnow, Jlenazom, Tosepom, IIndaropom m np., Cchmanch Mp 3TOM HA termnerckne CBAINEHUEE KANT» (FrGrH, 264 F 25, 96—98). Mempy tem manecrno, sro nm ogni rpex, ımcapımmit o Ernn— Te, He anan HM naka, HM NNcbMennocTH TO erpanzi (Iversen E. The Myth of Egypt and its Hieroglyphs in European Tradition. Copenhagen, 1961, p. 41 f). Ocnosnne darti 9ToTO PACCKASA nomsepnuytm y Peponora: samMmerponamno lepóg Adyog (II, 81), meremucnxo8 (11, 123), reomerpua (it, 109), nocanka Menamna, a ncnex sa num Open n Mycen (II, 49). Cm. Burkert. Op. cit., p. 219. 38 9. Hennep omenb xopomo CKasaï no sToMy nosomy: «fl contrato HeoKasyeMHIM npeöupanne Tindaropa 8 Erumre, no foKazaTb, YTO On Tam He Gua, Tome HOBO3MO/KHO» Zeller. Die Philosophie..., S. 304). Cm. raxxe Hôpfner Th. Orient und griechische Phiosophie. Lpz, 1925. 39 Ecan yxe a III p. Fepynnn mor nncatb: TMudayópav iv tautod QiAosogiav and oudalmv ‚sis CEAAnvag äyayeiv (FHG, III, 41 sq.), To wero cronr sce; nosmmeïmme pacckaall O NyTemecTanAX K DABHNONAHAM, NDAMIMAM HAN TANIBCKIM APyYImam?

us myapeïmux onauuos — [lubaropa (IV, 95). B neiicrsurennuoctu reru ena AH OoÖnsanıt oTuM seposauuom oômeuwo c Iluparopom. Ckopeo ux rpexeckue COCEAH oOGbACHAAM ero BOZHUKHOBCHHO TAK Ke, KaK u cam l'eponor,— Bamamnem Gonee Apenueit 1 passuToit Kyıprypur. B meppox cayuae rpexu mepenusaror or eruntan (11, 123), a Bo BTopost bpakuituu — xxxo3ior vat bragpovéarepot — mo xapaxtepuctuxe T’eponora (IV, 95) — or rpexos *. He Bramaach B nonpo6nocra 3anytaunoú ucTopun c Sa]MOKCHCOM 4, oTMeTHM XapaKtepuctuxy Iluparopa: ’EiAnvwv où aodevécraros sopicty:. B Kakoï «xe o6xactn mponsun on caoio myxpocrTs? ax. Bepuer cuurax, yro TepoxoT noxpasymesaer 3Nech Hayunble 3aHATHA M Depesoqnumm sopistys Kak «scientific man» **. B. Bypkepr, uanpotus, yrsepskfaeT, UTO HOCKOJIb- Ky B paxneïf rpanumum sabukcuposaua TOALKO «laManucTcKad® HOATOJIbxocrs [Inbaropa, TO u MYMPOCTL CIENYEeT CBASLIBATL UCKMIOIUTeAbUO C noi Y, Hrax, Ilubarop — ne camuit cna6uit 13 rpeveckux mamauos. Takoe mouumanne crop l'epoxora cuyruxo On, Bepontuo, 1 camoro Bypkepra, a sexe IMCHHO K 9TOMY, B CYINHOCTI, CBOMNTCA ero TOJHKOBAHME. Pemurexsuo orpunaa Kakyıo On To un Cillo CBA3L rpeueckoï ®uxocodun c mamamu3mom “, cuenyer COrHACHTECH C TOJKOBAHUCM aTOTO MECTA no Bepnety. Jo roro Kak cobucrası cran HA3LBATL BHOJue onpexereuuy10 KaTeropmio JIoXeit, copiati); — 9TO TOT, «KTO 3HaeT MYJHPHIO Bellu», HOCHrens lsanauuxa 8 apxauuecxoï Tpeyuu *#. Tax moraux uasupars 4e108eka, npoasupurero ceda B pagimunbx chepax KYABTYPHOÏ MCATONBHOCTI: OMHOTO ua commi Myxpeuos (Herod., 1,129), moora (Pind., Ist. V, 28), myaukanra (Eur, Rhes. 924). Ouens uacro Tak naswsanw burocobos, yuenbx KH Bpauel (Isoer., X, 3; DK 64 A 5, 90.6), nanpumep Auaxcaropa (Isocr., XV, 235), Anxseoua (Isocr., XX, 268), Awnexokna (Hipp. VM 20). Iockoxbky Ilufarop ne nporsuz ceOa B Ka4eCTBe no9Ta UAH My3LIKaHTa, UTO KO CIO MOT uMeTb B Buy Peponor, kak He ero (punocobckyio I HAYAHYIO HEATOABMOCTL? Tor @akT, UTO wcropux naswBaz COpueraMu Tex, KTO Bee, 3a HPOPHHATENCM Menamnom n0o3HaKkOMuI rpekoB C KyAIbToM Jluouuca (II, 49), sosce He MenAeT oömeii xaprunzi: Beqb n «HacrToauuiä» cobucr Ilporarop yrsepiknan, uTo ero mpequiectsenunkamn Onan Opdeit x Myceit (Plat. Prot. 316d—317b). Kpome toro, mis Peponora Opdeit 8 nepnyio ouepexs OLIN NO9TOM MU MY3Hxautox (cp. II, 53) *, OGmui cubre maccaska Buonue sicen: Dpakuiiun BONYT KATKYIO UGD, a 3aJIMOKCHC TOSHAKOMMICH C HONMÜCKUM OOpasoM ausnz u Oonee yTouelHEIM, YM y pakuiiuen, upaBpamu, OÜMAACE € 9NIMHAME E My_peHWUM 13 nux, Iubaropom. Camocckuú MyJApen mpercraer 31ecb KaK HOCHTEAB mouuickoii KYZAIBTYPH, OOJCe TOTO — Kak HPCJNCTABHTENE HOHMIICKOTO mpocsemenna. Ecum Sanmorcuc Bocnpuunx OT Hero npe;kle Bcero penuruosuLe HOKTPUHEI, TO 9TO BOBCE HO 3HAUNT, ITO Hiryemy Apyromy Ilıbarop HayuuTb 4 Burkert. Op. cit., p. 128. 41 Morrison J, Pythagoras of Samos.— CQ, 50, 1956, p. 137 f. #2 Burnet. Op. cit., p. 85. Cu. Takxe Guthrie. A History..., p. 166, not. 3. 4 Burkert. Op. cit., p. 211; Waerden, van der. Op. cit., S. 29. 4 Tlonumku XokasaTb npomuxnonenue mamanıama B l'penuo (Meuli K. Scythica,— Hermes, 70, 1935, S. 121—176; Dodds E. The Greeks and the Irrational. Berkeley, 1951, p. 144 ff. u np.), ocnosanst, Kak Ham Ka7KkeTcw, Ha CMCICHUM BC A KOT 0 2KCTATHYCCKOrO KyıbTa C BMOJuo ONPEACHCHHLIM KOMILIEKCOM BOpobauitii i KYABTOBOÏ HPAKTUKM, KOTOpLil TOALKO M MOHO Masuipatb mamanuamon. Ho xao ec ropoputb 06 'IKCTATHUCCKOM kybre DOOÓMIC, TO MOT musero Gonce syagioro mubaropomamy C ero LPONOBEALIO YMopcHHocTH If rapMouuy. Tloka eno MIKTO HO MOT nponcranuTs darti, TOBOPamuo O cyuecTBoBaullıt TAKOro kyabra y mudaropeiines. [lokasatensuo B 3TOM OTHOMCUNN mamenenme nosumum U, Kana no qaunomy sonpocy (Kahn Ch. Religion and Philosophy in Empedocles' Doctrine on Soul.— AGPh, 42, 1960, p. 31 ff.; idem. The Arts and Thought of Heraclitus. Cambr. Mass., 1981, p. 114). # Kerferd G. R. The First Greek Sophists.— CIR, 64, 1950, p. 8—10. 38 CrouT OTMeTHTL, UTO M cam Monamn 1306parkanca B Tpanuıpts Me TOALKO Kak npopuuaTeTb, HO i KaK 103T M Bpal, TAK UTO ON BUONO aacıyıkuman mmecuu copiar Hu- Tepecio, "TO B naccaxe Apucropaua (Nub. 331—334) arum caopom uassauiu Kak pas populates, 128 Bpavit,

ne mor. (Kcrarn, cam Teponor ne nepmr B HX 3HAKOMCTBO, noxarañ, UTO SanMoKcnce km ropasno pambme.) Ham mpencTanınerca, TO, XApakTepnayn IIndaropa kak od« aoDevéoraro: copictys, Deponor ocHoBkIBancH Ha TOM, TO cam om Ayman 0 IIndarope, a ne ma TOM, {TO 3HANN O HOM rennecnonTckne rpexn. Yantunan, ato Peponor nocennaca B Dypumx, T. e. concex panom c Kporonox, p 40-x ronax V 5., Korga namñrs o IInarope Grima anech emo >KNBA, MOJKHO CINTATL 9TY XAPAKTEPNCTHKY 3acıykupammeit HOBCPHA. Paccmatpnpaeman na done panneii Tpanımmm B nerom,MyApocTs IIndaropa npuo6peraer eme Gonee ompenenennzii xapaxtep. Ilowmmo mpocnemennoro nonniina l'epoxora ee sxe c nnurerom OTMeyamr @unoco Imnegoxa (B 129) n ne ayas burocobnn noor Mon (B 4). Maske 8 nenpnasnennom DEICKasklsanun lepakanra rosopnren o oopin IIndaropa (B 129). Ornocx ato nonaTHE HCKMOYNTENBHO K OONACTH PeANTNOSHEIX HOKTPHH M KYABTOBOÏN IPAKTEKil, ANIMAA ero PaUMOHANBHOTO CONCPKAHNA, MH HOMKHE Onan On pamnKAJIbHBIM OGPA3OM H3MEHNTE HAM HPCNCTABIENNA O TOM, ITO 3Haumia copia nai bnrocobon roi anoxn. Meany tem Konrexcr Gonbmmncersa BbIckasıınanmit TOBOPHT concem O Apyrom: O ray6ormx n OÖMMPIEIX SHANMAX, roropsuima o6nanan IIndarop. Her cuscra ocnapızark TO, ITO 3HaHum 3TH Kacannch H pennurnosanoit cheps,— AAA HAC Bano, ITO OHM CIO HO OTPAHHnpannch *’. Bens nesosmo>xkHo MPEANMONOSKNTB, ITO nOJJepxKKA OphmTeckoro yIennñ 0 mepecenennm Ay cama mo ce6e morna o6ecneuntp Ilmbaropy penyraumm MyApena, NPNTOM cpenm Monet, KOTOPHIE 9TOTO YICHMA He pa3zeaann. B Takom cayuae oopwaros Onn O11 Opeït, ma camom ke Here ymomuHanna O ero MYAPOCTH anmaonuumse #, m ona HNKOTNA ne purypupopaza B Kamecrnpe ero xapaxtepnoú seprbi. Eme menbme cpaaHparacs copia c ophuKAMIN, OTHOMICHNE K KOTOPEIM yame Bcero Ónmio cKentnueckum. IlokasarenpHa HM penytauna Tex nocnenopareneii IImbaropa, KoTopsIe BOCIPNNANH TONBKO PeANTHOSHYy!O CTOPONY ero YUCHIA, TAK MA3BIBACMEIX AKYCMATHKOB: MBI HO pas BCTpetaeM HACMeIIKN nan mx nponosenama mn o6pasom ;kuanı (58 E), HO HHKOTJHA HIIIETO MOXOMETO Ha copia. PaccMmorpum Temepb HECKONLKO (PparmMentoB, CoNep;kamux PasBePHYTYIO xapaxtepucruky IIndaropa. Bor ato ronopnt o nem Mon Xmocckmnit 8 ann rpamme, nocsamennoit Mepernay Cupoccxomy (B 4): ws è [Ev rvopén: te xexacuévos WOE xai aidot xal pdiuevos buy7t zeprvöy Eyer Biorov einep Iludayépns ésópos 6 copos repi ráviwy aydpurwy yvbyas elôe nal eeuadev’ «3naunT ON, yKpamenmsiii MY>KCCTBOM I CKPOMHOCTBIO, M NOCIE CMEPTH nymoï npeOstnaer B panocrır, ecu, KOneïno, x supasxy myapen Inparop no3nan 1 N3BeNan Gorbme, sem pce Apyrne MON». 3Aecb, Kak HB MOCHENHeM naccaxe l'epornora, METEMIICHXO3 HO YIOMMHAETCH HPAMO — pel HAET ANMb o 3arpo6nom CymecTBOBANHN ymin, mpanfa, CyMecTRBOBAHMH CHACTIMBOM BONPeKN TPANUNNONNEIM rpeyeckuM npencrasronnam. Ho Mon anno umen B BNAY He TONBKO HCTHHNOCTE PEANTHOSNOË HOKTPHNE nnbaropensma. CKopee on NenaeT 3anoToM 2TOÏ NCTHHEH NHTENNEKTYANBHOe permane [Inaropa, KOTOPO®, CIENOBATENBHO, He HY}KMAeTCA, HA ero BarTIAN, B HOKASATENECTBEAX. Bon» rept ravewy avitponwy qvopas side xat Éféuany cxasano ne 06 mayyennn Ilıharopom xymn, a noo6me — o ero 3HAUHTENBHEIX ycnexax B IPHoGperennn ananni n, Kak On CKa3aï Tenepb, AKTNBNOÏ NO3HABATONEHOË neatenbnoctn ‘°. Ecan Ilmbarop neïcrsnrensno MyApen, nosnasmmi MHO4 Mnrepec K penurnn, Komemmo, B passmmummoli CTONCHI xapakrepen Y AIA Apyrux nocokparnxon: Kcenodana, l'epakaura, Tlapsenmpa, Immorora (Jäger W, The Theology of the Early Greek Philosophers. Oxf., 1947, p. 38 ff., 90 ff., 109 ff., 129 ff.; Babut D. La religion des philosophes Grecs. P., 1974, p. 15—17). 18 DK 1 B 2 (Anxeñ); Plat., Prot. 3164—317b — pcero ana ynommnmanna 3a Tpit eronerun. 49 BmecTe c TEM CTONT NOMHUTh, ITO IE pompoc O Ayme Ona B mentpe purocopernx cnopos Toro spemenn — or Anxmeona n Pepaxanta no Ilnaroma M Apscrotenn. Becrunx 2pepnefi ncropun, M 2

rayG6sxe, mectno ucTun (yvóas eds) % Apyrue AWA, TO HM ero UPeNCTABICNUA O Aylue ABNAIOTCH HMCTUHNMMU — BOT 4TO, B CYIMHOCTH, 'xoren cxasatb Mon *!. Ocnosmoe dunocobckoe couuueune Mona «Tpuarı® Haumnaerca CnoBamu: ndvia cpia «ai oùdèv nAéoy y ¿hacooy <codcwy my =p (B 1). 3a ocuosy 3fecb BanT puasunyrait Ilubaropox mu xopomo naBecTumi no upon3BeJeHUAM ero HOCHENOBATENeH AUCHAOBOÏ mpiumum. B stom xe «Tpuarme» perpevaerca ynomunanue o moasax Iluparopa, GyAro Om npunucannmx um Opdeso (B 2). Taxus o6pasom, sauauue nugaropeñckoú urocopuu ma Mona ouepunuo 5, x ECTECTBEHHO npen010>KUTLE, YTO CTO BEICOKAA OUeliKa Mynpoctn m suannit IImaropa ocuosana umeuuo ua mex. Hou, suepswe crapa pazion umena Depexuna u Ilubaropa, eme nusero He roBopur 06 ux ANYHEIX KOHTAKTAX, HO BCKOpe nocae Hero Aunpon a Ipeca (ucropux IV 5.) zasupaer Mepexuya yuurerem Iluparopa. Auxpox vepnan CBON cnenenun u3 nerenfapnoi Tpanumum: ON MOBECTBYeT O PasINAHHX Uy/ecax M mpelcxasanuax Iludaropa. 9ra Tpaumua nomma u no APuCTOTENH, KoTOPLIñ B cBoeit Kuure o uubaropeïuax ormoruu: «IIudarop, com Muecapxa, nepsoHAYAILHO DOCBATINI COÓM SANSITHIO MATOMATITKOÎf M YIICHAMI, HO BIOCIOACTHNI ne yneprazca u oT uyaorsopcrsa Deperuna» (14 A 7) %. Kak num, Apucrotens sua IImparopa ue TONLKO Kak JCTOHAAPHOTO YYAOTBOPHA, HO M Kak yuenoro, H ecs ANA Hero aro pasauuue ÓLIMO CyIecTRENHBIM, TO NOYeMy MH OKHLI uM mpeneGperate 8? Hecxorpa na xpesnocrs Tpanırımı, cCOnuxaiomeit Depexuna u Iluparopa, ona, cKopee cero, Heucropuina. B muparopename expa Au MalilyTca HCPTH, CBUNCTENBCTBYIOUNUG o GunsocTH ero ocHOBatena K Depexuny. Vuenue o MeTeMICHXO3C, KOTOpoe mpunucusaet Deperuny Cyna,— AB HOSAUAA Bbl- AyMka, upussannan o6macuuTs aro cônuxenne c Ilubaropou ®°. l'opasno Gore cXOJICTBA B CTINE IX >KUSHM, YTO KAK Pag l MOSJIO NOCAYKUTL OCHO- BAHHeM ux cOmmrenna. «Ecau Depexun Gua MyApenom Toro TUNA, KOTOPLil CBA3AN € YYMEeCHLIMH UCTOPUAMM, a uMeuno TakuM Our IIubarop, TO CBA3b MEIKAY ABYMA CXOVKUMM COBpeMenHUKaMM Guna Ou u306perella, HesaBHcnmo OT TOTO, CYINECTBOBANA OHA B PCANLHOCTH WAM HOT», — UNMET NO 2TOMY HOsony Poitnen ®°. Yona. Bosmoxxno, B oTOM curpara Cpolo Pons ouurpamma 50 Jun yacHeuun aHauenun Teen y Houa moneauo conocTaBuTL ee co caosauu ero coppexenuuxkos,— Pepaxnura (B 78) u Anaxcaropa (B 12); 5 arou 2xe Ayxe micas 103:x0 u Destoxpur (B 11). Ca, Snell B. Dio Ausdriike für den Begriff des Wissens in der vorplatonischen Philosophie. B., 1924, S. 36—37. 51 Cy, cxommyio umrepnperamuo B. Kpanua (Kranz W. Vorsokratisches, I—II.— Hermes, 69, 1934, S. 228). 52 Guthrie. A History..., p. 159, 53 Togunua Tex uHccxegosaTezeli, KOTOpHe OTPIIMNAIOT DPUHAANCKHOCTL 9THX COB Apnctoteaio, Kamketca Ham neoGocuonannoil. Cu. Heidel. Op. cit., p. 8; Philip. Op. cit., p. 23; Burkert. Lore..., p. 412. 54 Cocencruo Depexupa u Tudbaropa » nereupapuoii Tpanguuuu no AOJDKNO Mac CMymars: oma cOmuxKana uepconaxkeil no ONPCHCNCHUOMY DpuauaKy — HANMAMIO «yynecuux> pacckasoB, Oxmnexokza B 9TOÏ cena DOMUUANM HUTyYTb He pene, B TO BPeMA Kak ApuCTOTENL Hanna ero pucióAoyog (A 22), ı mam xopomo uapectuo O ero uayauoï n puzocobcxoú nentensuoctu. Bo dparmento Apuctorezsi ropa3no paxuco He cocencrB0 DepeKuga x Iingaropa, a ux mporuponocrapzenie, Ecux xe roBOpurb O COCEHCTBO, TO B Apyrom xecre (14 A 5) Apucroreze, nutupyn Ankugamanta, crasut payom Iluparapa u Auakcaropa. Bo dparseurax CORAN? OHM TOKE PUrYPHPYIOT BMECTE Kak HPENCTABUTEANN oquoit tTouKn speuua (Protr. fr. 18—20 Diiring). ® 55 Long. Op. cit., p. 13—14. 58 Kirk G., Raven J, The Presocratic Philosophers. Oxf., 1957, p. 50—51. Cu. raxxe Zeller, Die Philosophie..., S. 299, Anm. 2; Philip. Op. cit., p. 188. Crowr ormeTUTL, “To Oepexux ne Gum 4006HuHLIMS TCONOTOM M YYAOTBOPOEM: TOT »#%e APHCTOTENE HAXOHUA PaumMOUaNLuHe Tepru B ero yseuun (A 7). Ectb ocuonauna nonaratb, Hero OKa3ano BINAUMO dunocodcKoe en Auakcusannpa (Kahn Ch, and the Origin of Greek Cosmology. N. Y., 1960, p. 240). 130 “TO ua Anaximander

Eme Gonee pHpasnrensnyio xapakrepucruky IIndaropa mu naxoxum BO dparmente 13 H09MH Omnexokza: jv dé <1¢ Ev xeivotorv dvnp reptwoix cióme. 05 Ôn pymtccwy rpariôwy Extipazo mhod<ov, ravroiwv te uahiora copy (r'hExiMpavos Epyov. önrörs yap réomoiy dpéfarto npanidecaty, pet” 6 ye <üv Gvrwv navewy Asdoosoxey Exxotov xai te dé avdpdrwy xai + eixosı aiwveccty (B 129) $”, «Bux cpenn nux My? penkux ananmii, Jocrermuit peommiaiimero 60TaTcTBa yMa H BECbMa HCKYCHEIt BO BCeX BMNAX MYAPEIX nen, 160 Korfa OH Hanpnran Bech CBOÏ PasyM, TO NerKo Buen IJNOÓYIO H3 BCEX cymecrsyiommux nemeif HA UPOTMKEHUM MECHTE MAIN MBANIATH JNONCKHX HOKONEHMIN. Bocropxennan onenka Imneroria Tom ÚoJee parma JA HAC, ITO OHA HCXOMNT OT YeNOReKA, Konrenmanpnoro Ilmbaropy,— munocoma n yuenoro, NOANTHKA $ POANTHOsHOTO nentenn. Mnoroe B ero ROATONLNOCTN BACTABAACT npennonaraTk, YTO ON ne TOABKO C nuererom oTHOCHACA K IIndaropy, Ho H CO3HATENBHO Nofpankan emy, Korma, HanpuMep, oOpamanca K CBOUM COrpaxJanamM Cc ynepenuamn B coOctsennom 6Geccmepruu (B 112). Ho 8 ero omenke OTpaxxenH ne CBepxBectectnennLie septH Ilmbaropa, a BEIrNammmech cnoco6noctn, oOOmmpniie 3NANNA NM BANATHA «MY/IpuiMH Meramı». Ilocnenune Aue crpoxn dparmenta 9mnexokna OÖHYHO TpakTOBarncs KAK HaMeK Ha nepesonromenne xymm Ilmbaropa, koTopoe x moasoziazo emy BINETB HA paceroanan Necatkop noKonennit ®®, Ho P. yun cnpasennuBO OTMETINI, ITO POYB HET ckopee ne o mepecenennu Ayınm, a 06 yposne UNTENNEKTYANBHEIX CnocobHocteit IImharopa, ma 4TO yKasbIBaeT mpenmecrtBYIOMAA CTPOKA — «Kora ON Hanparay Bech cnoü pasyM». B To >xe Bpoma [Lynx ne mcxkmionaer BO3ZMOKMOCTIL Toro, ITO CAM OMNCAOKIA CBAZLIBAN ATI cnoco6noctn c namatbio IInharopa o npenmecrryiomux nonnomennsax 5°, Muaue ropopa, ecam anecs 1 COMepAKNTCA namMek HA MOTEMIICHXO3, TO BECbMA a3anyanıpoBannkliii; XAPAKTEPHO, ‘TO yoxKe DB APEBHOCTH aTOT dparMenT ne- KoTOphie oTaocuan k Tlapsenupy ©, koTopHit nuKaK He Gia cBA3gan C MOTEMncuxo30M. B 11060M cayYae BITOM dparmente ner uuuero, TO n03B01n10 On COTAACHTECA co caonamn 9. Ppanka: «Iumenorn sauan [lIubaropa TOMBKO Kak mpononexnnka Moremncuxosas %. Hanporns, Imnexoxa pucyeT noprper HO CTONBKO PeNHTHO3HOTO MPONOBLAMHKA, CKOJIbKO PANNONANBHOTO MBICHH- TEJA, a pere on Nomken Gita anato O IInbarope Gonsme, sem KTO-nn60 Apyroü n3 pazÓnpaembrx naMn astopon. Ecm name OTKA3aTECA OT OYeHB cobma3HNTONBHOÏ Bepcnn 06 NX HPAMHX KOHTAKTAX, TO Oum30cTh JAMICHOKIA K nnaropeiimam cuefyiomero nOKONCHMA me HOHICKNT commento ©, #7 X, Jlonr B TOM, ITO 9TOT Op. cit., p. 17 yOeqntenbno nokasan, ato commenns [exnepa m para npyrnx yaensx ger oTnocutcn x IImbaropy, me meer cepseanmx ocnosanmi (Long. ff.). Cp. Rathman. Op. eit., p. 42—43, 88 Kirk, Raven, Op. cit., p. 219. 5 Zunz. Op. cit., p. 209. 6 Porph., Vita Pyth. 30; Jambl., Vita Pyth. 67. #1 Frank. Op. cit., S. 356, Anm. 166. zo) #2 Ankmnamant ropopnr 06 Iunenorno: *Avafayópov Biaxobza. xai [luBayépou vai piv tiv ceuvétnta CyAGca ob te Blov xai tod cyipatog, tob di tiv quaroAoyiav 31 A 1). a cod Gun yuemukom l'oprua, Koropait, B cnoo ovepens, Gua (ygenmkos snenokna. Tırmeii, omm ma Banneiimmx MCTOTNNKOB TO HCTOPHM Minparopemama, TOBOPHT TO me camoe: axoica: Mudayópov (A 1). Xora o6a connerenscrsa NCXORAT 13 HANCMKHEIX PYK, CACHYA mM, Mu noma Gunn OH OTMeCTH nary pompennn Imnezorza Ha 20 zer masan. Ha sto mora pemmnanch otens memmorne (Cleve. Op. cit., p. 332 f.). Octansusre nonaraloT, ITO pew cnonyer Becru me o Minbarope, a o nudaropeciinax, rem bonee To Tpx + connerenscrsa — Deobpacra (A 7), Heamba n Tepmunna (A 1 — 06a asropx Ill n.) — rosopar o conanx Iunenoxna e miparopeiimamm. Bypkept, common npamomuneiino TomKyA CHOBA' ANKMAAMANTA, YTHOPAHJAOT, ITO #CCTecTposmanne mer me OT Ilıdaropa, a or Amarcaropa» (Burkert. Lore..., p. 215). Ho tro me, Kak mo durocodmo npupona mmez B Buy Deodpact, ronopn: «Ixmenora, yuom Mapmomma x eme Goxbmo miparopoñuen» (A 7)?

Ornomenue x Ilubaropy ero mranmero conpemenuuxa, Tepaknıma, Out.10 coBceM HHBIM, Hexen y Junenorna. Bce Tpu ero CHMAeTENLCTBA colep;kaT peskyıo u HegqoOpoxenateabuyi0 KpuTuKy. Bupoyem, 970 HOYAMBUTCABIO: c ono6penues Tepakıur OT3LIBAJCA TOMBKO 06 olmo» YwenoneKxe — Ónmako 3HaKOMOM emy apucroxpare l'epuozope ua Ipeca (B 121) ®. Bce ocranzııe auna, BCTpeualomuecs B ero Kuure,— Pomep, Pecuon u Apxunox, Kceuopan u Texateit — nonyuaior croio Homo ocyxleuur u uacmemek. Ho neCMOTPA Ha 970, Tpu pparmenta Tepaknura ABIAIOTCA, momanyii, camoli ueuHolt Yacrbıo Hameii Tpanımum. Onun 13 HUX Conep;kuT UPAMOC ykKa3aunue Ha yueHne sanatua [lnbaropa: [luDaæyépns Mvnospyds ioropinv Toxyoev dvd púroy uéliort ráviwv xal éxheËduevos tabtac ta¢ ouyypapas Eromparo Eaytod copiny, ro)vpadiny, xaxoreyvinv. (B 129): «Muparop, cun Muecapxa, sauuManca nuccreHoBanuem Gonee ncex Jnoneí M, puOpan M3 aTux COWMHCHEÍ (ro, uro emy ÖsMmo Hykmo), co3sqan CBOIO coGcTREHHYIO MYAPOCTB:! Muoro3HAHne I OMA). Auoren Jlaopunií npuboAuT ati cosa B HOKA3ATe/ILCTBO CYIECTHOBANIA upoussexenui Ilubaropa (VIII, 6), x aro nano nosox emo Ilneitepsaxepy BbIpaguTb comnenue B mONNUNHOCTH bparmenta %, B yeiictauTenbuoctu sie Tepaxıur ropopur num 06 HCNONBIOBANIM Yy;Kux coMmuenni (a ne o uauucauum COÖCTBEHHOTo) ®, xOTA mM 9TOT DakT MOMJro BLIILIBAN COMMCUMA, u MuOorue Bunena eco murepnoxsgro 5°, Ho otpunati atakomcrs0 IImparopa c muuTepaTypoit Toro BPemMenu — no MeHbUIGÎI Mepe CTPANHO: OH npocto ne MOT He ONMPaTECH Ha TPYALI CBOUXx mpenmecrzeunukon %. Kaxne ;ke coyumenuan Mor umers B nuny Tepaxanut? YnorpeGnenne | GUYYpagai TOBOPHT O TOM, UTO B NepBylO ouepenn peub MET O MpozalIecKix couunenuax %, tak uro Bypxepr nanpacuo nacraupaer Ha opuyeckux nosmax 5, [Ipexne Bcero sneck caenyer uassars Auarcumaunpa u Auakcumena 7, ubi @uuocopexue mpimmumeı HAIN HPAMOC oTpaxienue B nudaropensme, satem — Depexruna Cupocckoro. Koneuxo, Ho mac Aommm muB CKYAHLIe cBeneHuA 06 nonniickoii upo3e TOTO Bpemeni, HO 3HaA, HaupuMep, O ABYX apxurerTypusix Tpaxtatax VI 2.”!, xuure KpotoucKoro spara Jlesoxena (19 A 2) mau counnenun «O conumecronmmmt 1 PaBHONeHCTBUND, IMpuuicaBaemom Danecy (B 3), nerko npeanono:xkuTs Hanuwune ANANOTHYNLIX Mpouspefenuit B Apyrux o6nactax suauusñ. Hanporus, Guno Gu crpauno cun6 @parmenr B 39, n koropom rovoputcs o Buaure ua ITpnenbi, cammkom OTpulnosen n a sToGu momo Guno ropopnTL 06 onuo3uauuol HONOMKATENLUOÏ OMCHKO cp. : . 6% Schleiermacher H. Herakleitos der Dunkle. B., 1807, S. 373. 65 Burnet, Op. cit., p. 134, not. 2; Rathman. Op. cit., p. 39; Delatte A. La vie de Pythagore de Diogène Laërce, Bruxelles, 1922, p. 162, 6° Zeller. Alteste Zeugnisse..., S. 459 f.; Gomperz Th. Zu Heraklits Lehre und den Überresten seines Werkes. Wien, 1887, S. 100 f.; Rathman. Op. cit., p. 38—40; Diels — Kranz. Comm. ad. loc. 57 Bunasonum-Mennennoph, Xora ı upiamasar, sto lepakanuT ropoput O Hayuınıx sauatunx [Indaropa, Buyer B MNCMONb30DATHNM MM uuCLMeUNHX MCTOUUNKOS peinliche Schwierigkeit (Wilamowitz-Moellendorf. Op. cit., S. 188, Anm 1). Mu pugum, “To TPyAHOCTE Kak pas p Apyros. Kax mor Ilubarop sanumarbea MarematuKoii mM acrponomueit, He sas O TOM, YTO Yo choJano D orux obnacrnx? Boxb Teopombi, KOTOpuMu OU 3ANMMACA, BINMIOTIYIO HPMMMKAIOT K Teopemam, Koropuo Gun: nokasaux Danecow. Ecau Eunex Ponocexuí » Koune IV n. Gun xopomo saxo c KOKasaTenLcTBauu Daneca (cxopee scero, xepes luunua Saugcxoro — D.L. I 24, fr. 133 Wehrli), to novemy 8 cepexume VI B. o aux ne Mor yanaTb IIndarop us Kakoro-uu6yx& panuero MaremaTiyeckoro coquueuissi? 6 Kahn. The Arts..., Pi 113. 6° Burkert, Lore..., p. 131, 210. 19 Ha smakomerso e paGoroii Auakcımannpa ykKa3upaer OCHOBUAañ OUNOSMUMA HHqparopensma mépag — aneıpov. Cm. Tannepu. Yx. cou., c. 125 ca.; Burnet. Op. cit., p. 108; Vogel C. J., de. Philosophia, Part I. Studies in Greek Philosophy. Assen, 1970, p. 85. Barzana»y Anakcumena ovenb Onuaka uudaropeiickan KOCMOrOUHMA, NO KOTOpoii Mup oOpasyetca myTeM DyuIxamım usBue «Öocnpenenzuoro noanyxa» (Arist., Phys. 213b22). Cu. Chiapalli A, Zu Pythagoras und Anaximenes.— AGPh, 1, 1887, S. 584 ff.: Kirk, Raven. Op. cit., p. 251 ff.; Guthrie. A History..., p. 279. 11 Tlo ceunerenberoy Burpysun, onum 13 nux npuuanuexan Deonopy c Camoca, apyroï — Xepcubpouy c Kpura (VII, pref. 12).

TATh, ITO po‘b MACT O CTHNCTCKNX NAM BABNAONCKHX COUMNCNNAX 72: nen, Tepaxant, Gesycnopno, Guin 3HAKOM C TOMI Cuyypapai, O KOTOPEIX OH MIET. Ilentpansnux nonatuem ITOTO dparmenta, Kak n Mnornx apyrux (B 32, 41, 50, 83, 108, 112, 118), ananetca emynpocrs» (cozin). Tepaxant anno upeTeHHOBAT Ha posib efuncTbennoro OGTaANATENR MYAPOCTH, HOCHICHOBATENENO OTKASLIBAA B Heil KAK BCeM MONAM BOOÖME, TAK, B TACTHOCTH, H NOITAM, puiocopam, yuenzm ”°. Uro sxe apaner coboit «mynpocts» Ilmbaropa? Cnayana Tepakınr ropopnt, KaknM oOpasom TOT K Heit mpnuuIen: 8AHHMANCb NCCHENOBANNAMN m naOupanch anannit 13 UY NX KHUT, 8ATCM — TOM OHA B ACHCTBUTENLHOCTN ABNMOTCA: AMNOTO3Nanne mn O6Man» (roAvuatin, xaxo<eyvin). Ilocnennee puHpaxenne neonnoxkpatno TOANKOBANOCK, HO onpexe- JICHHOCTH B ero MONNMAHINI MO CHX nop HOT (ecm, KOHeTHO, HONATATB, YTO B nannom cayuae ona pooGme AocrızkıMa). OGsranoe snanenne xxxorezvin — o6maı, bansendnkanun, a IOPHANTICCKOE — JIOAKNOS CBMACTCALCTBO, B 06Mem neutro CBAZANNOE C Momenuniectnom. HeoxnokpaTnbie HONBTKH CBA3HIBATB BTO COBO C permrioanzimi 3anmatınmm Ilmbaropa ne KaskyTen Ham yÖennrenpusimm. Bo-meppuix, xaxoreyvin nurle ne noxpasymeraer pexrnrno3noe nevectne, B neii noo6me ner ninmero cnemmpuiecki CBASANNOTO C neposannaMm. Bo-BTopnix, TAKOO TOMKOBANNe MIOXO YBASHBACTCH c OGM cMBCHIOM (parmenta. Koneuno, Tepakınry ne Moran npannrTsca npurasauna lngparopa na Geccmeprne 1 cnocoGnocTs TROPHTE Yylleca, HO Kak 2TO CBA3ATL C TOI MYMpOCTLIO, KOTOpar OCHOBANA HA Hayden Ty;KIX TPYAOB x HakonAennn 3anannit? Begs ne mor we Tepaxant caurars, uro Ilubarop JH 3T0 BHANTAN B kmurax **] Ecan nonnmatb éxorypaso tanto) copimy Kak «Bua 3a COÖCTBEHHYIO MYZAPOCTES NAN ¢mpncnonaz KAK CBOE coOctnennoe» 5, TO B xaxoteyvin MOKHO pu/erb OÖBHHEHNE B mpucBoenim wyamx Mscreñ ‘9, «Co6crremmas MyApocth» IIndaropa na camom nene so;Ha, — BO-NepBHX, IOTOMY, TO OHA 3AHMCTBOBAHNAH, A BO-BTOPHIX, NOTOMY, UTO 9TO He MYJHPOCTE, a MHOTO3HAmue. OmennpaTh sTOT Ynpek CHICHYET, KOHCINO, TOABKO Ha pone HOCTOAHHOTO ctpemacuna Tepakımra fokasaTbh CBOIO OPNTMMANBNOCTE I NC3ABMCHMOCTE OT Kakoif Ont TO HM GLIO Tpanımımm, BMecTe C TOM eMy MeilcTRITENIbHO MOTO Gpocntbca n rrasa cxoncrTso mieit Ilmbaropa c KaknMn-TO commnennama 7. Hakonen, »2xo:2%yin MOKeT O3Ha4aTk I Apyroe: myapoctb IIndaropa o6maHBACT IC CHOMMM BHCIMNNMI CTOPONAMN, a CHOC CYTBIO, T. e. OHA JIOJKHA n spenma **, Ho ne moroxy, 170 Tepaxant Gern mpoTuB Kakoï-ro orensnoï croponzi nubaropenama (cKaxKeM, ero KOCMONOFNM HAN PEANTMOSHOË MORTPHHH), A NOTOMY, ITO ON B NPMHMNNE ne xoTen cormamatsca c m0bnM OÖBACHeHICM, OTIMUMBIM OT CBOETO COÖCTBEHHOTO. Konemno, 10 Konma nocrenoparensnat Tepakant ÖGEITb HO MOT M, HECMOTpa na choro nenpraanb K IInparopy, om nenorb30Bax x ero nnen. I. DpenKe YÖCANTENBHO HOKASAN, KAK Opranmumo Boman B cucromy l'eparanta 12 Tax nonaran B. Kpann (Vorsokratisches, I, S. 116), a nenen 3a num n npyrno (Waerden, van der. Op. cit., S. 42—43; Philip. Op. cit., p. 178; Marcovich M. Pythagorica.— Philologus, 108, 1964, S. 42). 13 480¢ avOpareov oùx ix qvopnag, Beiov di tye (B 78). CM. taroxe Babut D. Héraclite critique des poétes et des savants.— Ant. Clas., 45, 1976, p. 464—496. ©’ 14 M. Maprosna, nonesmsnpyn c Bypkeprom, CIMpaneJino yKa3HBACT, STO KPNTHKA Tepakanta mochT ancro Teoperuyeckni xapaktep It eo CHCHYET NOHNMATE B pamKax ero nozemmKn B cagan c yuennem o Jloroce (Marcovich. Op. cit., S. 42). 15 Zeller. Dio Philosophie..., S. 309; Burnet. Op. cit., p. 134, not. 2; Diels H. Herakleitos von Ephesos. B., 1903, S. 49; Chernise H. Review of Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 5. Aufl.— AJP, 1939, v. 60, p. 250. 76 Tarpıı cantan oGnumennem B MAArHaTe BHPAKCNNO «BEIÖPan 13 9THX coyımenmit (ro, To emy uno myo)» (Guthrie, A History..., p. 157 f., 417). 17 Ho ncxnrueno, ITO pei Morna mara m 06 oppuuecknx noomax, ecum Tepaxnut HA3HBAN cvyypagal rpymny coummensit, D KOTOPyI0 HAPANY e mposoit Bxonmma H 109314. Mapxomnmu (op. cit., S. 41—42) cnnammaer xaxoteyvin c pevdonaptaptm (B 28) n monmmaer xaxdrexvog rag Vorschiber falscher Zeugen. Ho aro MOjKHO TOMKOBATE ABOAKO: Myapoctb IIndaropa darbmupa NOTOMY, “TO OHA He ero, HAN ero HACH MpocTo HOXKEN, NC3ABNCHMO OT HX Mponcxompennun. Mu crnomaemca CKOpee K neproMy Bapnanty.

Heh NPOMOPUNE H MY3HKANBHOÏ TAapmonuu — POSYALTATH maunckauui [udaropa B MaTeMaTHKe H akycTuKe *?. Dro eme Pas MONBEP;KNaeT,4To Ppasy «3AHHMAAICH uccuienorpamnmem HUMATb KAK yKazaune (ioropiny) Oomee Bcex HA HAYYHLIG MSHCKAHMA, A „nioneli» HO UpOCTO cueHyeT Ha no- KaKue-To «pacupocsw x «pasyamasanun» 5°, ‘Iocopin 8 B 35 (rme, roBopa O wryskaxbuuocobax», Tepakıur, BEPOATHO, uMeax B BUY camoro ceOa) coBepleuxo onpenerenno osHauaer euccuoxopaune». B naunom dparmente 2370 nonaTIE CTOUT PAJOM.C OÖBHHeHNEM B miarmate, HO Kako OH NOHONHHTENDHLIÜ CMEICH HH UBITAAICH BIOKUTS B 370 CHOBO Pepaxnur u Kak Ob! HH CTpemunch UOXXEPKHYTE pasHuny Mey sauaruamu [Iubaropa u COGCTBeHHLMH, peazibHOCTB, CTOAIAH Ba DOHATHEM lortopin, II B TOM, II B ApyroM CIYTAO OCTACTCA UO3HABATENLHOË NHEATENEHOCTEIO panuonazbHoro Tuna *, B rom ;ke wanpapnenux pexer mac u propoli bparmeur Tepaxauta (B 40): «Mmorosnauue yMy ue Hayuaer,uuauo Gui ono nayuuno Pecuona x Iubaropa, na eme Kcenobana u Texaten». «Muorosnanue» (roAuuadin), BHOBB durypupyiomee 3/ecb, H UMeHa, Cpeyqu KOTOPHX yuomanytT Ilubarop, no3801410T eme c Gonbmeit ONPeNeNeHHOCTEIO CKA3ATE, uTO npereu3uu Tepakuuta HocaT dunocodcnuit man, HYYME CKA3ATb, 9UHCTeMONOrH4eCKUË xapaxtep %, Kak us B 129 Y. laeuxo nox 3TuM yraom on x o62e]uHAN CTONE pasusx none: apropa ¢«Teoronun» x Kcenodana, cueasueroca u Hay Tpaminmnonzoli penurueï, x HAN Meremncuxo3ox, camoro IIudaropa u, uakoueu, Tekarten, TaK:Ke m3BecTHOro CcBoei kpuruxoú B anpec common sense (FrGrH, I Fi). Orsnekanch oT atux pasnuuuÿ, Tepakaut cocpenorozusaetca HA TOM, 4TO BONHOBANO ero Gombe Bcero: Ha HPOTHBONOCTABIEHMH mx cuocoóa no3HaBaTb OKPyKalomMii MUP CBOCMY coOctsenHomy. A HOCKONEKY ueruna Ónia B pykax Tepakauta, TO ApyruM OCTABAJOCE TOABKO Muorosnaune, Bnpouem HAM BONNE NOCTATOYHO «mmoro3manua» [Iwbaropa; ma done munocoda Kce19 Fraenkel H. Thought-Pattern in Heraclitus.— AJP, 59, 1938, p.1309—338. Cu. raxıke: Zeller. Die ig. ax nee S. 478; l'ounepy T. Tpoueckue mucuutenu. CII6., 1911, c. 67, 127; Kahn. Pythagorean Philosophy..., p. 184; idem. The Arts..., p. 203 ff.; Minar E, The Logos of Horaclitus,— CIPh, 34, 1939, p. 323—341; Cherniss 11. The Characteristics and Effects of Presocratic Philosophy.— In: Studies in Presocratic Philosophy/Ed. Furley D. J. and Allen R. L., 1970, p. 17. 80 Toropin Kak auccienoBaunes mpuauaua Ö6ONBINNECTBOM YYCUMX; CM., Mampitsep, Tannery P, Pour l'histoire de la science Hellèno, P., 1887, p. 194; Burnet. Op. cit., p. 134; Diels. Heracleitos,.., S. 49; Delatte. Vie de Pythagore..., p. 159; Kirk, Raven. Op. cit., p. 218; Timpanaro Cardini M. Pitagorici. Testimoniance e frammenti. T. I. Firence, 1959, p. 17; Guthrie. A History..., p. 157; Kahn. The Arts..., fr. 25. Bonee octo- Ben nepesonun; Uennep: «Erkundigung. Nachfragen bei andern» (Zeller. Älteste eugnisse..., S. 459, Anm. 4), HO 9TO CBASANO C TEM, 4TO OM Bien MUTEPUONAUMEO B Tatag tag cuyypagás. B. Cuenb Taxıke OTkKasıulBamch Bunerb B igtopin CBRINNETENLCTBO «Forschertätigkeit» (Snell. Op. cit., S. 62). Ho om no npuanasax nonzuunocra B 129 (xora fae Munzc He Mor mpusectu HIIKAKUX HOBONOB UpoTus istopin) x, kpome Toro, TonxoBar lotopéw B B 35 xax «sich erkundigen, nachfragen». Onuaro Pepaxuur me mor CKa3aTb; «MY2KI-®H0COPH HOMKUIH MHOTO PACCHPAMNBATE ae reg y Apyrux»,— aTo UNET Bpaspes c ero nocrosanium o6auucunem Bceoßmero neanamua. T. l'ounepu (op. cit., S. 1003), Gesycuopno, mpan, cuuTan, 4TO ictopin MMCOT BALCE TOT KO CMLICA, TO HY Ape (I, 24) x Hemoxputa (B 299). 81 Bepreuuyc (op. cit., p. 284), macrpoenublii ckentugecku no ortomenmio K Iludaroposoï Hayke, moziaraza, -uro lotopin yuorpeónena 3/ecb B HPOUMYCCKOM CMEICHE, HO 3TOMY UPOTUBOPEANT cepbesuzlii Tou M OÖnuuutensunü uaboc Bcero dparmenta. Buecre C TOM MPOHNA ue Memaer namemy Dounmannio iotopin. Tepaxıur, BO3MOKHO, H XOTEI CKa3aTb, TO «IACTOMIec» NCCHCHOBAUNE — y HCTO,a HO y FN mr HO exsa u cran Gu CMEAITECA Han «HeHAyYNLIM» XAPAKTEPOM ero U He sanuMazon HayKOÏ. 3auntuii,— nenb cam Pepaknur kak pas #3 Ban nep Bapaen cunraer, sro Tepaxnur npuuucusaer Ilubaropy «unoro3uanuo Gea yma» noToMy, “TO TOT, HaÖpanımuc ua Bocroke KakuX-TO MaTeMATIYOCKUX auaunii, mamaraz ux Gea xoxmxuoro momusamum (Waerden, van der. Op. cit., S. 42—43). Donan Au ME DoNaraTs, sro TepakunutT ne TONDKO auaz (UNM Dpereunopan Ha TO, ITO allaer) MaTemaTuKy nyame Iludaropa, uo u rayOxe, Ye TOT, UOCTEr BOCTO YH y 0 MaTeMaTUKy? Cosepmenno FACHO, UTO ANA STOFO HOT EM Manciimux OCHOBauui. Cm., manpumop, Stokes M. C, One and Many in Presocratic Philosophy. Cambr., 1971, p. 87—89; Lallon, J. Uno invective philosophique (Héraclite, fr. 129 ot 35 D.— K.).— REA, 73, 1971, p. 15, ff., 22.

nopara m yuenoro Pexatea camo ato oGsnnenne Gesomn6ouno yKasspaer na xapaxtep IImparoponÒix sanariit. Xorn Patman nm Bypkept murammcb Nokasark, uro Ilmparopa caenyer paccmarpunarb pmecre © Pecnonom Kak NpencTasııtencii penmrıoamoii MBICan — p oramino of Mcenopana n l'exaren 84, aro o6bncnenmno sanno HAJYMAHO. Korna leparunr nncan croio xnnry, Tecmona n IInparopa ye ne 61120 B >KIBHIX, MOITOMY HX nmMena I CTOAT panom 8°, Uro we kacaerca «MHOTO3HAnia» Tecoma, TO OHO ANMS Ha nePBHÈ B3TAA] MASO COOTHOCHTCA C 3aHAuam Kcenopana m Texaten. Kak ormerun A. I. Saiinesn, Tepakant ue MOP COMNEBATECH B upnnagnennoctn l'ecnoxy o6mmpnoi remeanormueckoi nooMBt «Karazor emu» — THoMIHOro Oo6paaıa «MHOTO3HAHNA), OÖBENAHHabmero ero c agropom «Percanornióo Tekareem, a uepez nmocaenuero — mc Kcenopanom 8°, Heckonbko B CTopone oT mnrepecyiomeit Mac TeMH JC>KUT (Pparmenr, B KoTopom IIndarop numenyerca xoridwy apynyös «macrep (NPeABOANTENB) xnTpocreit» (B 81). Cyan no noncnennamororo pHpaatenns y CXONNACTOB, A TAKKe NO NAPANNeNbBHOMy MATCPHANY, KOTOPHN npnseren 8 cratbe K. Peiinxapma 5°, xoniées o3nayamo yMeHIe OPATOPOB HPHBIEKATE Ha CBOIO CTOPOny caymateneií (at y Aoywy céyvat), MeiicTHYA DPI NOMOMM KAKIX-TO YJIOBOK (xoriCery : peúbeodar. — Hesych.). Macrepom mo uacrn ornx yronok n ÖkIN, no mnenmo leparanra, Imparop. Kak n 8 cryaae c xaxoteyvin, TPYAHO CKA3ATb, UTO KOHKPOTHO JIMCJI B BULLY ABTOP: BOSPAYKAN JM OH HPOTNB KAKHX- TO ONPeNCIENHHX >KANNA MIN BCETO IPHCMOB nponarecenna Peel, Mx BHYTPeHHero Conep- BMeCTe. Ckopee ncero Yenonek, IEITABIMMÜCH.B 1eM-NN00 yOennTh HaAPo]; omen Ona GHTb Kpaiine nenpuaren l'eparanty: neHapoM on noJb30BAaJcÍa H3BICKAHHBIM CTHJACM H MOCTOAHHO HANANAN HA TOMMY, 8a ITO 3aCIyKII MPO3BMIIO éyhodotdopo; (A 1,6). Hanporns, denomenanbnaa nonynapnocrs Ilubaropa » Kporone, 0 tem cannerenscrsyer pparment Jmreapxa (fr. 33 Wehrli), 065ACHACTCA, TO-BHAHMOMY, JINUMBIMM KATECTBAMN HIOCOÏA n ero yMenmem yOounaTs nıoneä. Jina ommrpanta c Camoca oparopckan peus Ona, mo>xkanyü, CHNNCTBCNNHM CPEACTBOM B Gopbbe sa npnananne, II, VINTHBAN, 4TO nommen IIndarop nomken On TOBOPUTB Nepex wKNTeMAMM axeiicKoit KONOHIM, CICNYET COTNACHTECH, ITO OH NONBS0BANCH ITHM CPENCTBOM KAK HOJIb3A ny ume. OTOT PparmentT eme pas nONTBePKIACT Tpanımmmo o pewax Iln®aropa, Ha BaxkHOCTh Koropot yrasana K. ne Doren 8°, Kpome Inkeapxa n ero cospemennuxa Tumor % 06 armx pezax cemmerenscrpyer u 6onee pannmit astop, yuenmk Coxpata Aurnchen (Schol. ad Homer. Od. I, 1) °°. KommexTHPYA TOMEPOBCKNÄ omMTeT rolótporos, OH CCHINACTCH HA «MHOTONHKOCTEY burocoba: «Tax: Ilmbarop, rosopat, cuntam ANA ce6a MOCToüHsIM pasroBAPUBATE C HETEMN, OOpaman K HUM MeTCKH® Pein, K >KCHIMNHAM — KOHCKHO, APXOHTAM — OPEeNHA3SHAYEHHLIE JIA APXONTOB, K adebtam — MOAXONAITEE nus abeGos». Kak sugum, Imbarop ynorpebun Bech cRol TATaAnT nmonuruTecKoro OPATOPA H PeNHTHOSHOTO IPONOBENHHKA NAA upuo6perenua mnpoxok 8 Rathman. Op. cit., p. 38; Burkert. Lore..., p. 210. 85 Levy. Op. cit., p. 2, not. 8; Gomperz H. Über die ursprüngliche Reihenfolge einique Botakake Heraklits.— Hermes, 58, 1923, S. 36, Anm. 1; Marcovich. Op. cit., 8 Salyes A. H. Hekoropue ocoGermocti perenni nonniickoit Hatypbuiocobdm »: e a Cunnann.— B xn.: 3Sanaxuoe Cpexnsemnomopre B I THC, HO x, 9, Jl.: ayKa, . 87 Reinhardt K. KOMIAQN APXHTOZ.— Hermes, 63, 1928, S. 107—110. Cu. Takmo Diels H. Ein gofalschtes Pythagoras Buch.— AGPh, 3, 1890, S. 453; WilamowitzMoellendorf U., von, Lesofriichte.— Hermes, 62, 1927, S. 277, f.; Marcovich. Op. cit., S, 42, Jnoren Jlaapımik npnnnewsaer IIndaropy counnenne non nassannem xorideg, B KoTopom À. JlenaTr Buren Tpartar no peropuxe (cm. Vogel, de. Op. cit., p. 228). 88 Vogel, de. Op. cit., p. 70 ff. 89 Cu. Fritz K,, von. Pythagorean Politics in Southern Italy. N. Y., 1940, p. 41, 65. Vogel, de. Op. cit., p. 140; Burkert. Lore..., p. 115, not. 38.

uonyrapuocru cpexu ;kurteneii Kporoma. A priori MO>KHO CKA3aTb, ITO UpeaMETOM ero peueïñ Gun Bonpocu He Purocobckoro (1 rem Gonee He Hay4Horo) xapaKTepa, a PENNTHO3HO-2THMECKOTO; BIIOIH® BOZMOXKHO, YTO CIOMA BXOMMAN 3NEMEHTEI YYCHUA O MOTEMICIX038, Cyan no orkaukam l'epaxnura, uasecruocrs Ilıharopa ye B uasqane V 5, xaneko nepemarnyna npenenss Benmroit Tpeyuu. Komeyuo, Tepaknır MOP HCIOIb30BATb BOCHOMMHAHHA, COXPANCHHHO MeCTHOÏ MOHMACKOÏN Tpaxuuxeï (sexe Caxoc x Sec pacnonoxeux HefaneKo xpyr oT Apyra), Ho xapaKTep ero BHCKasiipannit yOexqaeT B TOM, TO OH HMON B BUY CPMOH pacusera nerntensuoctu Ilubaropa 5 Kporone ”.' B nepsoü uerseptu V B., Korga l'epakauT nucan csoso kuury, caasa o IIndarope macronbKo pacnpoCTpaHMIACE, UTO paccroamue Mexay Kporonox u Ihecost ne G10 AA nee nperpanoü. O6 uckniountensuoit nonynapuocri Ilııharopa couxeTenkcTBy10T MoHeTH C ero H30Öpa;keunuem mu monmuchıo IIYOATOPHZ, suuymeuume B 430—420-x rogax ma cesepe Tpenuu, » AOgepax. Jina V 5. ato cayuai GecupenexenTHsi 1 He TOJBKO NOTOMY, “TO u300pa>KeHuA Hunocohon Ha MOHCTAX HOABAIAIOTCH TOPA3NO NO3KE M, KAK IPABILIO, BMX PONHLIX ropomax: uepeXl Ham MepBulii noptper Ha TPeYecKux MOHETAX, BO BCAKOM CHyuae neppaií NOMUNCAHHHIÉ moprper *%, Mo:xHo TOJBKO NOTaALIBATECH, HEM UMeHHO sasoesan IIubarop ysaxeunue aGnepuros. Ha mam paran, ckopee csoeï nentensnocTsi0 B o6NacTH punocobım n HAYKH, 4eM HOJUTUKU Y peruruu. YU, SenTMau BuICKa3a npexuor0- JkeHHe, YTO DOABNeHUe 2TUX HOpTpeTOB CBASAHO c JlemMoKpuTOM, Ybe man burypupyer Ha aÚgepckux MoHeTax (B kauecrBe MarHCTpaTa) kaK pa3 B 3TO Bpexa %. Ora runoTesa KaskeTCA HAM BuoïHe npasaonono6uoú, ocoGeuuo Ha bone caenyıomux darros: 1) Hemoxpur manucan counnenue «Iluparop»a (A 33), B KOTOPOM BHCKASHBAN CHOC BOCXHICHHE CAMOCCKUM MyfpelloM (A 1,38); 2) no csunerensersy ero cospemenuuxa l'raska Peruäckoro, JleMOKPUT yyııca y Koro-To u3 nubaropeïnes (A 1,38) , K orux cBuneTenLCTBAM CHENYET OTHECTHCL CO Bceii CePLESHOCTLIO. Jlemoxpur ponuica oKono 470—460-x roxos, cuexoBaTensno, Mor 3ACTATb B >KUBHX CHYILATENEË CAMOrO Ilnparopa, oxxako ecam On nudaropeu3M Toro BpeMenK orpanuunBarcA penurmosnoü chepoît, To YEMY Mor YYNTECH y nudaropeiines TaKOÏ 4610BEK, Kak ]lemokpur, x uem 6h OH Bocxumanca B CBoeii kuure? C. A. JIypse, orpuuasmui @unocopuio H Hayky, scien 3a Dpaukom UpequonoKUA, paunenugaropelickyio ONNpaAch Ha pacnojoxenue KHMTH «IIubarop» cpenu oruueckux counnennit Jlemokpura (panom c Kuuroit «0 xyIICBHOM PAaCHONOKeHUN MYAPeNa»), ITO B MOJOHOCTH OH YAMAICH y nuparopeúra oruke, a cama ero KHMrA cofepxKana 4MOPAILHNO u3peuenua» %, Oxxmako 06a ara BEIBONA OTHIONE He oyesunun. ro kacaerca cofepaanun KHUrH, TO CHPaABeHAINBES TOBOPUTL He O MOPANLUWX Wapesenunax, a 06 2Tuyeckux mieax. Mexona ua Konbextypyt Llennepa, o6zexuuasmero ABa coel Cp. Philip. Op. cit., p. 140; Morrison. Pythagoras..., p. 141. © Yue meppulii usqatenb OMNOÏ 13 9THX MONET HPeMNOIOKMAT, ITO na Neil B306pasken umenno IIudarop c Camoca (Jameson R. Collection Jameson. V, III, P., 1924, p. 50, not. (1999). Buocrencroux K oTOi TOUKe apennsa MPUCOCAMEIIMCE HANDONEO MIDECTHLIO HyMiu3Matu: Seltman Ch. Greek Coins, 2-nd ed. L., 1955, È 143—144; Babelon J. Lo portrait dans l'antiquité d'après des monnaies. P., 1943, p. 63—64; Schwabacher W. Pythagoras auf griechische Munzbildern.— Stockholm Studies in Classical Archeology, v. 5, 1968, P: 59—63. Cosmenun, puckasannze ua stor cuer I. Puxtep (Richter G. Greek Portraits. V. Brussels, 1962, p. 17—19), Guam pacceanu noaszemien nyGankauuit 5 60-x ronax eme onmoït MOHETE Toro 20 tuna (Schwabacher. Op. cit., p. 60—62). Honeitmuit usnatenb a6WepCKUX MOHET TAKE CUMTAOT, TO 9TOT Noprper csasam c IInharopom-piunocopos (May J. M. F. The Coinage of Abdera. L., 1966, p. 144, 157 ff., not. 218, pl. XIII). 6 Seltman. Op. cit., p. 143 f. 6 Jlewoxpurosex IV 5. Anoznogop u3 Kuauxa yTBep>K{ax, UTO ON BCTPEMANCA € Œuuonaex (A 2), Ho Dunonaii — posecuux Jlomoxputa, a BO3MOKHO, 1 MONONKE ero, MOITOMY On BpA mu MOT ÓLITL ero yuuTeeM. ° 95 Iypve C. A. Jomoxpur. JI.: Hayxa, 1970, c. 458, Ne 154. 136 7 " + x

cexnux naspauna B onno — ¢«lIndarop, (man) O zymennom pacnonoxennn Mynpenas %, mono MONATATB, ITO PCI mia O MPEANONTHTENBHOCTH co3epmaTenbuoro o6paza mana Pn1ocoba mepen HEATENBHHM. Ira nea xopomo 3ACBNNETENECTBOBAHA B 9TUKE N nnbaropeïñckoï mkonbt (CKopee pcero, ona BOCXONHT x camomy IIndaropy) 9 x y Jemoxpnta %. Cxoncrno ux srmxecxnx yaenni atm me orpannañBanocs %, mo MH ne Óynem HA Hem OCTANABIHBATEcn, NOCKONBKY ACHO, muro pannnne nubaropeïñuep na Jlemoxkpnra aTnroit He orpanninparocs. TpyAno npencranuTk, 4TOGH ON pemun VINTECH y HNbaropeïnes TOmaBKO arme. Pacnonomenne xuurn o Iingorope cpenn oTuaecknx counnennit JIeMoOKkpnTa me MomKkeT ÖbITb CepsesnziMm apryMcHTOM. Yue Apncrotenk, COMOCTABARA narnansı ondaropeiines n Jlemoxpnra, HCONMOKPATHO YKASHBACT HA ÓNMIOCTE NX TOYeK 3PCHNA no pany Pnrocopcknx sonpocon 1%, TIono6nsix npnMepon momo 61110 Ont TPHBCCTH HeMaJo. Koneuno, Jlemokpur ne 6x1 yiennkom mmbaropeüneB B TOM CMEICHe, B KaKOM ero TPAKTOBANH HPOBHNE «mpeemcTBa PHA1OCOPOB», HO OH HCMANO B3AJ y HUX, A TIABHOO, ero pearnmm Ha nubaropenam Onpenenenno YKASHBACT Ha pannonarsnsiä xapakTep otoro bnrocobckoro revenna. Iosnuna Dpan- Ka, mpespamasmero nuparopeines na yunteneñ Jlemoxpnta B ero yuexuKop 1%, ye manzo oTneprmyTa, H xapaxrepno, uro C, fl. Jlypse » pane BMOKNNX TIYIIKTOB NPHSNAT OMMÖOYHEIMM CBOM MEPBOHAYANBNEIE DSTAAMEL na pannnii nubaropenam 10%, Kak, nnpoueM, cnenan aro m cam Dpaux 1%, Kontaxtn Jiemoxpnta € miudaropeiigamm ne OrpannmumBanuch n QuJoconett, «Ecnn Mu cnpocnm ce6n, y koro JlemoxpntT mouepnuyn Te MaremaTHYCCKHE NOSNAHNA, KOTOPEIMM OH BHASITAJNCA CPE CBONX COBPEMCHHMKOB, TO CAMBIM YAORAETBOPHTENLHEIM OTBETOM Öyner — y onHoro 13 mubaropeinen», — nucan Hennep !%, n c ero mnennem Tpyano He cornachtsca 1%, JeitCTBHTENBNO, cpeni commmennit Jlemoxpura Mb Hmaxonum «06 nppanmonazrsmux aummax n Tenax» (A 33), a m nepnoií nononnme V 8. npo6nemoit mppaNHOHANBHOCTH E MATEMATHKe HUKTO, Kpome numaropelines, He sanwMancs. Camo OTKPHITHe MPpAanmoHANnbHOCTN pA ABTOPNTETHEIX CHEMHANHCTOB CBA- % Zeller. Älteste Zeugnisse..., S. 471. 9 Arist., Protr, fr. 18—20 Düring; Heracl. Pont., fr. 87—88 Wehrli, Car. Morrison. The Origins..., p. 208; Guthrie. A History..., p. 164 f. #8 Fr. XX, XXI, XXVI, XXVII, VIII, 737, 729 Luria. B mocaenuem dparmente Dé à: youomanytr pınom c /lemokpnrom. * Tnannuit ynop B cnocú ormke Jlemorpır nenaer ma perpiórnc, cuppetpin (fr. 657 Luria), crpemnennn na6erars n3amumects (fr. 739, 750; cp. Diod., X, 7): no ncem xopoma cepenmna (xaAdv iv mavti tó igov fr. 749), caacrbe — 9TO ápuovia xal cuppetpia (fr. 742). Matepecno conocranııtk cangerensctno Apncrokcefa o mudaropeiinax (DK 58, p. 468, 20) c rem, sro ronopna Jlemorput (fr. 779). Cnenyer orseritth, Tro na npenmecrsennnkos [lemoxputa ToNDKO IIparopolina Bcepbes SAHMANNCE OTHKOÏ n menarormkoit (Vogel, de. Op. cit., p. 176 ff.), m mam Kaxxerca necryaaïumm, ITO ]{cMoKpnT ynenner 2TuM AUCINTANHAM TAK MOTO BINMANNA, 100 Arist., De cael. 303a4 ff.— o ponn uucea y mmaropeiines 1 aromucron; Phys. 203a6; de cael. 279a11 ff.; fr, 201 Rose — nnharopeñcxan KOCMOTOMHA x xocmoronna Jlenxumma (A 1) x Jloxoxpmra (A 40); Mot. 1084 8 — commi n ATOM; do an, 404ai — mpencTapzenna o ayme; de gen. ot corr. 315n25, 31603 ff.— xpnruxa ge “pin uuaropeitckux sarannon (cp. Met. 1028b16; 1090b5). Ak. Bepner (op. cit., p. 336) cumran, uro mua a panaune animo m BD yscnmm Jlenkunma. Cm. raro Guthrie. A History..., Pe Sos Frank. Op. cit., S. 72 ff. 102 Jypve. Jemorpur, c. 444, Ne 16 (kosıs. x dp. 105). 19 ¢}{\enn0 B mxone Ilnharopa po3mukna MaTeMaTNKa Kak Toumas MayKa... Boxee TOTO, mudaropeiinw 3anorkmaım OCHOBKM Hayımoli acrponommm mn dusnKn... Henoamonmo, KONSSNO, YOTAMODNTb, KAKODA MOna yuncrua camoro IImbaropa B BTHX AOCTIGKCHRAX, HO enna AN HONNEHKHT commemmio, ITO ON Gua 3ayımaTeneM pcero BTOTO May3IIoro PASBNTHA. On Gun ckopee pammonanb ini MEICHHTENEM, “CM BAOXHOBOHHEIM MNCTHKOMS (Frank E. Wissen, Wollen, Glauben. Zürich, 1955, S. 81—82). 104 Zeller. Älteste Zeugnisse..., S. 471. 108 Cp. Maxoseavexuil A. O. Apennerpereckne aromncru. Bary, 1946, c. 177; Griechische Atomisten. Text und kommentar. Hrsg. F. Jiires. Lpz, 1973, S. 24, 514, 519, 137 RR 7=©$" 19

susasor € l'unuacow wa Meranoura (ox. 480 r.), ysenuxom Ilubaropa 1%, HO M He COrTAAIMAACE C 3TUM KOHKPETHLIM PeIICHHEM, HEBOSMOKHO HaliTH nperengenta Ha 9TO OTKPHITHUG 3a mpepenamm nudparopeltckoîi IMKOJH. O TOM, Kak OTHOCHIHCb K uubaropeïñckoï mkoNe 1 O6PASOBANNHX Kpyrax Konya V B., TOBOPHT MHTePeCHHII Maccax M3 ANONMMHOTO COJHMUCHUA «Mnoünsıe paccy>Klenu#“», ABTOP KOTOporo UPHHANIEKAaN, BEPOATHO, K IIKOne Ilporaropa. Illecraa ruaba aroro Tpaktata nocsamena o6cyxnenuio TOro, BO3MOKHO Au o6yuenne «myapocru 1 no6ponerenm». Onnonentui aBTopa yTBep:xKaloT: B Tex OÜHACTAX, rye MOJKHO YeMy-nuGO HAYANTE, ECTE 4CO0TBETCTBYIOIUE YUUTEJA», Kak, Hampumep, » mysuke (90, 6). Ha aro asrop or- BexaeT, ITO OHI CCTL u B oToù obnacrı: «Hemy me yuar copuetu, Kak He MyApocru u Koöponerenu? M Kem Gsimu auakcaroposus un mibaropeinsı, Kak He yuuTenamu, OÖyyaBpıuımı orum Bemam?». Ilokasarerzuo, YTO ABTOP TPAKTATA He BURNT HUKAKOÏ HECOH3MEPHMOCTH MC AY wKONaMM Ánakcaropa u [ubaropa. Onu durypupyior BMecre Kak Tunuauwe o6pasuu coobmects, rie oöyyanı bunocobum, 1160 xocriwkenne MyAapoctu 1 MOÖponerenu Guino nenbro burocobuu. Hast xopomo wssecruo, KaKUMM BONpocaMmi sauumMannce B wkone Anarcaropa, HOYeMY 7x0 MH HOUKHL HOJIAraTb, YTO B uubaropeïcxolí IIKOJe neppoï uonopnux V pb. (a HMONHO o He TOBOPUT ABTOP COUMHeHMS) oÖyyanıı YeMy-TO HP HMHUMUMANBHO MHOMY? Mcroanuxom, KoCBeHHO nporuBalonmmM CBET Ha samATua nuparopeínen, ABIACTCA, Kak HU crpammo, «Bycupuc» Hcoxpara. Cornacmo Hcoxpary, Ilubarop sauwcrsosan bunocobuo y eruutTau, Touuee Y erunercKux APpenon (Bus. 28). B. cymmocru aro oamayaer, uro Hcoxpar, 3uaa o bunocobckux sauatuax Ilubaropa, npnuuceusaer ux ero upexnoraraeunx yuwrenzam 17, Upesssuaaïñuo wuTepecHos onucamue aroú «erumerckoi» dunocopuu naetca B OHHOÏ 113 mpenmecTpyiommzx roan. OKASLBACTCA, OHA COCTOMT He TOJIbKO B YMCHUM 3AKOHONATONBCTBOBATB MJIM MCCHCHOLATE MPMPOAY CYIETO, HO M DB o6yuenun ACTPOHOMUM, apubumeruxko, reomerpuu (Bus. 23), To, KAK HAM NPeNCTABIACTCH, He UMEET IPAMOTO OTHOMENNA K BAHATUAM ETHUSTCKUX >KP@LIOB, 3ATO OTIMIHO COrmacyeTCA C TOM, UTO U3BECTHO O Dufaropeúckol more us ucroyunkop IV 5.1% Marewaruueckxoe o6pasosanxe 6:10 oHHOÏË m3 ee OTIMINTEJBHBIX YOpT, HO M Apyriie HayKH — acTpoHOMuA H PIOCHONOTUA — CTOANM HANCKO He Ha HOCJHICHHEM MECTE. B atom ¿xke manpaszenuu noyer mac u bparmenur Ankmeona Kpotonckoro, Bpaua u urocoba navara V-B.: «Ankmeon us Kpotona, cun Iloïpwhozx, ckasan cuenyiomee Bponruny, Jleoury u Barunay: O Bemax Hesnmuamux, PaBHO Kak I O CMEPTHLIX, AIME Gorn O0NAHAIOT HCTUHHLIM 3HAHMEM, a JIOHAM [nano zum] npexnonarars...s (B 1). 9ror @parment, kax u naccask ua «J][soiHHX paccy;RAeHIλ, MOUTH He UPMBNCKANCA ANA XapaKTepNCTHKH panuero usparopemama. Merkıy tem on BeCbMa Baskeu ana mac: Bpourux, Jleonr u Bari, KoTopsIm Ankméom nocBATIA cRoso xuury 1%, Curr wnenamu 106 Fritz K,, von. The Discovery of Incommensurability by Hippasos of Motapontum,— Ann, math., 46, 1945, p. 242—264; Junge G. Von Hippasos bis Philolaos.— CoM, 19, 1958, p. 41—72; Meller S. Die Entdeckung der stetigen Teilung durch die Pythagoreer.— Abhandl. Berl. Akad, Wiss., 6, 1958, S.-10 ff; Poxancxuù H. J. Autuquan uayxa. M., 1980, c. 78.Xur (History...,p. 2) pan nep Bapaeu (op.cit.,S. 399) oruocar ato OTKPHTHE KO Bpemeuu PauHux nubaropeüuen. _ 17 Morrison. The Origins..., p. 207. 108 Plat., Resp. 530d; Arist., Mot, 385b23; Xenocr., fr. 9 Heinze; Heracl. Pont., fr. 113 Wehrli; £ud., fr. 133, 136—137, 148 Wehrli; Aristor., fr. 23—24, 90 Wehrli. Hurepecuo OTMETUTB, ito copuer Tunnnit o6yyan p cuocit KONG ACTPOUOMIHM, TOOMETPUM, apudMeritke 1 MyawKko (Plat., Prot. 318d). 06 atux sxe veruipex Haykax ApxuT rOBOPHA Kak o popcersennux (B 1). Ect ocuopauxa nonarars, aro l'unuuit ne cam baer upaxTuxy 06yueHMA STOMY UUKIY Hayk, a 3allmcrBoBan 00 y uudaropeiines (Morrison. The Origins..., p. 203 £.). Emo ognust cougerexscrsow roro, sro Hcoxpar rosopar ageck o nudaropeñüuax, ABIACTCH IIPIIMEYATENLHOB COBUANOHNE ero ONNCAUMA «ETUNETCKOÜ> MONUNHHE C Maccamem 13 flusruxa, re pere uner o uubaropoïñcroï Mexumuue (cp. Zsocr., Bus. 22 u Zambl., Vit. Pyth. 163—164). B o6oux cayaaax memoucrpmpyerca meHoBopue K NOKAPCTBAM M DpuBEPIKEHHOCTL K muere, ITO Gaio xapaxrepuoú veproit nubaropeñckol MOQUE, 192 lp. Baactoc (Vlastos Gr. Isonomia.— AJPh, 74, 1953,} p. 334) maupacuo ocua-

nuaropeñckoro coisa CYAA MO BCOMY, MIANINIMI COBPEMeHHNKAMN IInharopa, a Bpontnn, sepoatno, Onin caazan € HAMM IE POACTBEHHEIMH | yaamm (17 A; 58 A) 110, Cnosa AmKMeona npnMeaTeBIH He TOMbKO TCM, ITO JEMOHCTPHPYIOT GnusoctTs K niaropeiinaM BTOTO 3MUNPHYCCKN OPHEHTHPOBAHHOTO yyeHoro n bunocoba. Popasno paxknee, tro CAM OHM burypupyIoT kak YTacTHIKH bunocobcroro AMAJora, KOTOPHX BONHOBANM TO *Ke IPOÓNCME, ITO:m ÁNKMeona. Tpynno OTKA3ATbCA OT MEICHH, UTO HAYANO ero KHNTH OTPAKAET CH- Tyanuo Bunocobckex N HAYIAHX CNOPOB, MOXO}KHX Ha Te, KOTOPEI® BeANCh n Kporone s xonne VI — nayane V ». [lpuwepnoe npexcrasnenne 06 mx NPO6NeMAaTnKe naer comeprranme KHurn Ankmeoma. Cyan no coxpannsmemyca MaTepnany, nanbonbmeo Mecro B Heli 61110 yneneno Gnonornn, dusnon0INN, MeMIWHe M ACTPOHOMHI, CNOBOM, TOMY, ITO rperm HagbiBann rept picews toxopia. MH He MoskeM, KOHCYHO, YTBEPKNATB, TO HMHTEPECH Ha3BAHHNX BEIMe mNparopeines 1 Ánkmeona MONHOCTBIO COBHAMANN — MOCHENHui, HAnpumep, He IPOABNAN 8AMCTHOÏË CKIIOHHOCTH K MATEMATHKE, HO MAJOBePOATHO, ITOOH OH NOCBATEN CBOe COYNHEHNE NIONAM, COBEPIIEHHO ITy:KIBIM ero ENeAM N 3ANATHAM. . , Bonsmnnerso mccnenonareneii rpeueckoï MEMHIMIHEI OTMEeYAIOT HeCOMnennoe pananne nubaropejickux meli KaK HA MTANNACKYIO mkony Bpareil, TAK H HA ABTOPOB rmmmoKpatToncKoro Kopnyca !!!. B ancre neppux nmbaropeiines HasHBAaÏOT amamenntoro Bpaua Hemoxena (18 A 5, 19 A 2c),.B cnenylomem noxonennn mapecren spa Mrkoc us Tapenra (25 DK). Innxapm H Ismenorn HAPAXY c Pnnocobneï sanuMannch I Menummmoi, HAXOHNINCE B TeCHOM KOHTAKTE C nubaropeïñcroï mxonoñ. O 3aHATUAX MeXMNMEHON camoro Ilmharopa roBoputca Bo Bcex Tpex ero Gmorpadnax, PaBHO Kak I B CNEeNNANBHEIX MeNNUMHCKHX counmnennax 113, Oruernmpo pBHIeH HHTepec K menunune x Gnnsknm K Heit o6nacram y nuaropeiines Tunnona 1 Dunonan. Ony6ankonannan Henapno Tabnımıka m3 Meranonta ropopnt o CymecrBoBannn 8 gone IV 2. menoit kopmopanım nubaropeïñcxux mpaueñ 115, CospeMeHnuK OmnenoKa, nubaropeen Menecrop cunraerca OCHOBATeNeM TPeyecxoit 6orannxn (22 À 1—4). Bce aro noxasmeaer, 170 B Tevenne VI—IV pe. B mnparopelicKoli cpene Coxpannnacp Hempephisnan Tpalnnna 2MInpuueHBACT crapoe Mmenne O TOM, 170 Pp. B 1 Anksteoma ropopnt O nochAMENHE ero KHNTH IINee (cu. l'ounepy. YR. cos., c. 127; Burnet. Op. cit., p. 194; Wellman M. Die Schrift des Corpus Hippocraticum.— Südhoffs Arch. f. Gesch. d. Med., 22, 1929, S. 311). Beaycnonno, nocsamenne «e MOonpasyMenaeT corzacia c unen appecaras (nobaBUM: CO BCOMM MACNMH), HO mpegmonaraer NIBECTHYIO Onns0cTh HHTEPECOB ABTOPA N ero anpecara. O6pamenno Iynenoxna k Ilancanmo, npuaegennoe Bracrocom B KavecTBe npuMepa, ronopnt Kak paa mpotns Hero, n6o Ilapcanui GT BpatoM N BIONHO MOT PaSNeIATE Kak MOANIMECKHE, TAK N HATypbnnocoherne parana AMNCNOKIA, no Kpaitmeii Mepe, IposBANT K num umrepec. Xora o B3aranpax Tlascamsın Mu muTero ne amacm, pce OCTANLEEIO H3- BecTHHe Max Bpayst nrannäckoii IKonst B TOM am NNOÏ crenenn cBstsausı c nnharopelickum ennes. 110 Iror parMenT facT MAM Bce OCHOBANNA CINTATE H CAMOTO ÁNKMCOHA MAIARLIEM coppemennnxom Ilmbaropa. Amanornamoe ykasanne B «Meragnanxe» (9862271): «Ankseon Gu mozon, korna IIndarop Gua [crapnxou}s,— ecm n ne npnmaxnexknr caMomy ApucroTA, TO, BO BCAKOM CITYTAS, RACT BOPHYIO xpomrozoro, Taxono amenne A. Pocca, nan6onee asropnreruoro manareın «Merabuaiıkns, KoTopoe pasnennmor n 6ONBIIIHCTBO HCCHTENOBATene (cp. Longrigg J. eg pe and Medicine.— HSCIPh, 67, 1963, p. 167—169). 111 Quevres completes d'Hippocrate/Ed. Littré E. T. I. P., 1839, p. 14, 16, 562; Houdart M.-S. Histoire de la médicine Grecque. P., 1856, p. 116—123, 231—235, 243— 244; Hauser II. Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Medizin. B. I. Iena, 1886, S. 77—78; Neuburger M. Geschichte der Medizin. Stuttgart, 1906, S. 154—173; Pohlenz M. Hippokrates und die Bergündung der wissenschaflichen Medizin. B., 1938, S. 82 f.; Edelstein L. The Hippocratic Oath. Baltimore, 1943; Jones W. S. H. Philosophy and Medicine in Ancient Greece. Baltimore, 1946, p. 1—5, 44—45; Schumacher J. Antike Medizin, 2. Aufl, B., 1963, S. 34—85; Vogel, de, Op. cit., p. 232—244. : e 112 D, L. VIII, 12; Porph. Vit. Pyth. 33; Jambl., Vit. Pyth. 110, 163—164, 208; Cels., Praef. 2; Galen., De dieb. crit. III, 8; Cael. Aurel., De morb. acut. III, 18; IV, 47; De morb. chron. V, 23 Drabkin. RR. 113 Lo Porto F. G. Medici pitagorici in una defixio greca da Metaponto.— PdP, 193, 1980, p. 282—288.

CKHX ECTECTBEHHONAYYHEIX I3bIcKanuit, Ha done Koropoii S3AMATEPeECOBaHHocTtb Bpoutuna, Jleouta u Barunna oruMm npoGremamm He MOKET KA3aATbCA CTpanHOli. He yriy0Aacb B CyIMecTBo CHOPOB O TOM, UPIUHANNEKan unu Her AlkMeOH K nudaropelickomMy colo3y, cnenyer smecre c M. Benumanom npuanatb COBGPIICHHO HEBOSMO/KHEIM, «TOOL AnkMeon, Oyayuu bunocodom M Mianmum COBpeMeHHHKOM IIndaropa u +KUBA B HuuTanena nuparopenama, He HAXONMACH mol BIIUAHHEM ororo Cooömecrsa» 14, Ho wenonssya B CBOUX paccy;knenuax Durocobckne u Hayynnıe uxeu nubaropeïues, AnKMeoH Kak BPA%-3MIMPUK M ECTECTBOHCHLITATENL CTPEMHACH IOKASATL, ATO COMHCBA- EeTCH B GesyCIOBHOÏ HCTUHNOCTH MX DONOKeHUA: «numb OOrH OÜHANAIOT HCTHHHEIM 3Hamuem». B arux caopax, no merkomy 3ameyanıno 11.-M. Ilona, CIBIMeH HPOTECT IpoTHB CMOJOCTH ACTPOHOMUHYSCKHX U AKYCTHYCCKHX KOHnennuí umbaropeünmen 45, ommpasımıxca Ha Kpaiine He3HayuTenbunIi 2MIUpuueckni MatepHan. Bmecre c TOM He CICHYOT 1 IPeyBeJuuiBarh pacxokMeute MX Hayunsix mosmumi. ANKMOOH, elsa Ju pacnonaran OonbUIHM KOJHUCCTBOM (PAKTOB, BEIMBUTAN He MeHee CMOJILIO MACH, HAUPHMOP, Te, UTO KACAluCch UpMunn 3nopomba n Oonesnm yenopeka. Pasnnune ne>xknT CKOpeo B CueuubnKe ux sanatuii. Matemarnueckoe MOKA3ATENECTBO H aKycruueckuii 3KCHEPHMEHT, UPAKTHKOBABMHOCH B uubaropeïCKOÏ IKOJE, BUAUMO, O6Janan Gonsmeï yOequTenbuol cuzoli, yea HaOMIONeNNA H OUHTH AJNKMeEONA. Mrax, Ma pa3o6panı ceuxerenscrsa V B., B Koropux ynomunaerca Iludarop unu uubaropeïux, IlockoxbKy Hac wurepecosara npenmymecrsenuo HaYuHO-bioCobCcKAA CTOPOHA pannero nuparopen3ma, pA ACIEKTOB pauHeli TPanuumm OCTANCA ANIME ergo 3aTponyTumM. Ho, orpannuus uccrenosaHue CAMBIMN PAHHUMM CBUMOTOJLCTBAMI, €ABA JIM BOOÖING BOBMOXHO COSHATE Ha HX OCHOB® CKOANLKO-HUÖYAB Dont o6pas. Connerersersa apropos IV 2. HOH3MEPHMO nonHee OCBEMAIOT PuNocopulo nubaropeïeB H HX HOCTHKEHNA B MATEMATUKE, ACTPOHOMUH, HU3UKE I Hpyrux HayKax. OnHako oul He MOryT HONHOCTLIO Pagpenurb COMHCHIA HO BONPOCY O CTeNeHH yuacTHA B ITOU MNEATENBHOCTH camoro IIudaropa. Orser Ha aTOT BONPOC KaeT HMCNHO panBaa Tpapumum, KoTopan pucyer IIudaropa rayOokuM MHCHINTeNCM I TPOHNNaTENLHLIM MCCJICNOBATENEM; BMCCTE C TOM OHA HAALIALGT ruosHoro pedopmaropa uM nonurTuueckoro xeatern. ero TepraMmu penu- B coenumenum Takux CTOJB paszIuHsix IMposBJeniit YeJoBeueckol ACATCIABHOCTH, KAK Perurua, HONHTIKaA U HAyKa, Oe3ycoBHno, CKAGANACE COUMANBHAR MH KYABTYPHAH 06CTaHoBKa TOro Bpemeni, en» kpome Ilubaropa nam uapecru H APyrue PHMEPLI nomo6nolí PasHOCTOPOHHOCTH: B uepsojí norosune V B.— JmneHoxa, ma py6exe V—VI Bs. nuparopeen Apxur. Tpanunua V 5. ne nonrsep:xxaeT MACTO BLICKasbIBAeMOe MHCHH® O TOM, UTO nubaropeückumi C0103 NOCTeNeHHO Mepepactan 113 PeNMTHO3HO-NONMTHweckoro B Hayuno-burocobckoe cooGmecrso. Hu onuu asrop V 5. ne pucyer IIuparopa (unu Koro-1160 13 pauuux nubaropeúínem) TOJBKO HAN no upeHMYILCCTBY PeANUTHO3HRIM HW HONHTHYCCKUM nestenem 19, Ckopee maobopor: @unocomckuli IH HayuuHblii 9JICMOHT Yale Bcero OKASHBACTCH HA NCPBOM MeCTe, Hanpumep, B cBugeTembcTBax AyKMeona, Tepaknuta, OMnexokra, Lemokpura, l'xaska Pernückoro, anomumunoro asropa «soïumx paccyzxxxeHui), 11060 BLICTyMaeT HapaBHe c Apyrumu —y Mona, Peponora, Mcoxpara. Hpyroit saxuoïÏ yeproit sTolt Tpanumum ABNACTCA TO, UTO 00 CBHNOTENLCTBA HCXONAT B CoxpmuncTBe csoex OT Punocodos. Hmenuo oun BOCXHIMAIOTCA MYApocrbio Ilmparopa 1 noneMwsupyior € ero BITAAKAMH, KPUTHYeCKH BOCHPunIaad p. 114 Wellman. Op. cit., S. 341. Cp. Heidel W. A. Hippocratic Medicine, its Spirit pcos: N. Y., 1941, p. 43, ff.; Vlastos. Op. cit., p. 334 ff.; Longrigg. Op. cit., ‘ | 115 Schuhl P.-M. Les premieres étapes de la philosophic biologique.— Rev. hist. scienc., 5, 1952, p. 213. 116 Kcemodbau equa nu Mo>korT ÓLITE HCKHIOUCHNCM, OCOGCHUO CCAM YUNTLIDATE ero 1O/10MHKY UpoTus uudaropeiickol KOCMOTOLIAH,

MAIOT HPOHOBeENM 11 YTATCA y ero YICNNKOB, Yo ouponepraeT MONEITKH pana nccnenoparenei upnincants IInbaropa K Uy AOTBOPnAM n TeororaM TEMA Inumenuna Kpnrekoro, Apneren na Ilpokonneca nan AGapnca. Enna am ne Bce 3HaunTelBHHO DHAOCOÏH Toro Bpemenmn OKASHIBAIOTCH B TON nan MHOÏ crenena CRASAHHEIMN e nubaropeïñckoï mkonoit. Kaxkstit 13 nx mo-cBoemy OT3HIBANCH HA YICHNE 2TOÏ IMKOJIBI, HO B IICHOM 3HATMMOCTE ee dunocodcKnx H HayWIHX HOCTIGKeHMÄ He BHSHBACT COMMENTA. TpyAHo HOBEPHTE, UTO y NCTOKOB TAKOTO ABIDKEHHA CTOAN TENOBeK, ABC HMA JNMMB NO HEXOPASYMEHHI momazo B HCTOPMIO pagmonazbmoit MsCrm. Co propoli norogmns VI n. no neppyro nononnny IV 5. pannonanuam B nnbaropeñckoï $unocobum ycnanpaetca (xax n BooOme B rpetecKoit bnrocobnu roro spemenm), oxxako Ono On omn6Koil CInTATh, ITO OH HATAJI PASBNBATECA B IIKONG, B KOTOPOÏ ne ÖBILNO HMUero, KPOMO TYMAHHBIX APNDMONOTHIECKHAX CIeryssmmii M «MlaManncTcKoii» npaktTukn. B TOM, UTO Kacaerca narmumna ®muocobcKoro n Hayunoro acnokta B nentenpnoctn IImparopa, conmerenserna panneit Tpanmmmm He TOMbKO KPACHOPCTNDH, NO B HEKOTOPOM CMBICIO H3ÜHTOINE. Jpyroe Aexo, ITO n3 HNX HOBONEHO TPyMHO NsPACIb CHCJCHHA O TOM, EMY muenno yuna [Inbarop,— a pers ato, nomanyil, 1 mpencTagıner Han6onsmmi nutepec. Ho m afech monomtenne mo Gesnanemmo. XoTA pannaa TPARMENA x ne CONEPIKHT MPAMBIX MOKCorpadwyecknx yka3amnit, ona MOXKeT CIYKHTb OCHoBannemM JIM pekonctpyknnn pannenndaropeiickoi MHCrm. Tax, manpıxep, onentpua Grmaocte [Indaropa Kk nonnückum npemmecrsennmkan (Heracl. B 129) n conpemennnxax (Heracl. B 40), uro nonTBepatzaerca aHa/imaomM npenneñmero niacta nmbaropeïñckoï @unocofun. B atom nuane mocryanpyeMañ HeKOTOPHIMI MCCICAOBATCARMH TPOTMBONONO}KHOCTE Imparopelickoi n monmitcgoli ımkon I? HY>KJHACTCA, BCPOATHO, B OCHOBATENBHOM Mepe- CMOTPe. Beconma nenma kocnenmsıe yKkasanns Heoxpata na BaIKNOCTB MATEMATITECKNX NCA (reoMeTpin, aprhMernkn, actponommm) B mKone IImparopa. Buecre co ennnerengerpramn ]lemokpnra onm nossonsior c Gonpmeii ompeneNENNOCTLIO TOROPHTB o chepe nnrepecos Ilnparopa, a cooTsercTBenxo HC GonbumM AOBCpueM OTHOCHTECA K MOZJLNEM conzierebernam Ha oror cuer. IIoCKOABKY MOMBITRI CBA3ATE nnparopelickyro Maremarıky c BocTokom He BW- NepskuBamT Kpatnkn 8, crenyer nonarath, 170 Ilmbarop x B oroM mnpononskan nonnitckyio Tpanunmmo (Eud. fr. 133 Wehrli). IImbarop kak Mmaremarık — TEMA OTNEABHOTO MCCNENOBAHNA, HO Ye Celiyac BUANO, ITO HPEHNOCHAIOK MIA TAKOTO NCCICHOBANNA ropaazio Gombure, TOM MOJKHO Ghio HYMATE panbme. Connerensersa Ankmeona, Hcokpara, a ortactE n antopa «J noitnnrx pacey;kneumi® OTHOCAT K Chepe kommerezmm Konner m yuennmkop IImparopa ecTCCTBENHOHAYYNHG NMABHICKANNA IF COOTBETCTBEHHO OCHOBAHHLIE Ha HNX Halypdnnocobekne konnenunm. Ilo cpanıenwio € MAaTeMAaTHKOIi mx BIMAM e Ha ImparopelickyI0 KOCMONOTILIO MeHee 3AMCTHO, HO OTHIONb He MACTONBKO, ATOOEI us moxxmo 65110 npene6peup. B camoîi HayKe o npnpoxe, B YACTHOCTH B ONHOM 13 pasne10B HustKt — akycrııke, mmmbaropeünst panbme APyrux MRO CTaam ma NPONHYIO OCHOBy DKCHEPIMENTA 1 KOAMYECTBEHNOTO nonxoma. He cayyalino name TaKOÏ ckentiueckn HacTpoennnit no otnmomenmio k IImparopy necrenoBaTerb, Kak B. JI. nan nep Bapnen, npnanaer, 170 OTKpETHe 8aBHCnMOCTH BHCOTHI 3BYKA OT ANH CTPYHHI Gburo HOCTHTHYTO Graronapa arcnepimentam Miparopa 11%, koropne satem mponosmenn l'unnac (Aristox. fr. 90 Wehrli). Baxno OTMOTHTb, UTO XOTA HO DTOTO HAM ne manecren n Momm ım onum MayUHbilt OKCHEPHMEHT, HY OMT MATEMATITECKH Chopmympopannzıii dhianueckwit 3aKON, Bce >ke Mp BceM paznoo6pasmi manpapıemmit, MKON II 117 Jfetdel, Pythagoreans, passim; Gigon. Op. cit., S. 142, 113 Aimydo JT. A. Tpeseckan maremarnka n Bocrok.— B xu.: Hcropiko-Mmaresatıyecxne nccnenosanna. Bun. XXVIII. M.: Hayxa, 1984. 119 Waerden, van der. Op. cit., S, 370 f.

AHYHOCTEN MpPeeMCTBEHHOCTS HAYIHEIX saHATH nudaropeitnes OT FORHÉCKHX - HCCHeNOBaTereï PHPOXX GeccnopHa, paBHO Kak H UpeeMCTBeHHOCTL no- CTPOCHHHIX Ha 9TOM OCHOBE d@unocodcKux Teopnit. J. A. Kuyödo PYTHAGORAS IN THE EARLY TRADITION L. Ya. Zhmud' The author presents a study of evidence contained in the literary sources of the 5th / century B. C. on Pythagoras and his close associates. This early tradition, free from the bias of the Pythagorean school, provides arguments capable of settling the dispute over the importance of the contribution made by Pythagoras to tho development of Greek philosophy and science. The 5th century evidence, both direct and indirect, shows that the philosophers of that time were well acquainted with the philosophical and scientific aspects of Pythagoras's work. Consequently there are good grounds for taking seriously the later tradition which credits Pythagoras with considerable achievements in those spheres. Close analysis of the 5th century material makes it clear that assertions about a journey by Pythagoras to Egypt, and so also that part of the tradition which connects him with transmission of learning from the East, is not to be trusted. On the contrary, the author emphasises Pythagoras’s connections with the sciontific discoveres and natural philosophy of the Ionian school. ‘ ZmuD' L. Ja., Pythagoras in the early tradition [en russe, rés. en angl.] : VDI 1985 N° 173 121-142. | L'œuvre de Pythagore était non moins religieuse et poli tique que philosophique et scientifique. Elle doit beaucoup à la tradition ionienne et fort peu à l'Orient. Discussion des témoignages la concernant. Benuxui rpeveckuä xpamarypr Cobokx ne npunaxrekur K TOM, KOTO OOW4HO HaSHBAIOT, HCPOMCHAN AUTHUYHMX ABTOPOB, uucasuux o Cepepnox Tpuuepuomopre. B ussecruom usqanun B. B. Jlarmmesa «Hasecıun npesnux micareneí o Crudun x Kapkaser ecTb ANIME ONUN MarenLKNË OTPHBOK M3 coXPaHHBUIMXCA no HacToamero BpeMeux Tparemii Copoxna. B «llape pune BECTHEK TOBOPHT: «fl nyMaio, uro uw Hcrp, HI Dacuce He cMoryT CMEITB ouncTHTENBHOH BOHoú aToro oma» (1227—1228). Codokx npuuucaner anech Merp K OnHoä na Bennyaliumx U TONHODOAHLIX PeK, MSBECTHHX rpekaM, H 3T0 nce, UTO MOKHO nOuepuuyTs us ero coo6menua. B. B. Jlarmmwes ykasupaer TaxKe B UPOUSBERCHHAX UOBMHCANTHANLIX aBTOPOB eue Tpr HeÖonsiukx ITATH 13 yrpaicHHHx Tparenuk Coborna, rye ynomunaiotca Tauauc, Bocnop onua cxubckui o6nuaú. 1 Mexxy Tex HekoTopHe omaomu 6uorpaguu Copoxxa x dparwenTk n3 neCOXPaHuBIUYXCH Tparequl MOsBONMIOT HYMATE, UTO B ero Ibecax Tema Cesep- Horo [IpuyepHomMopba 3PTparubanach “ame, YeM y HPYTUX HaBeCTHHX aduaCKHX Apamatyprop. O6parmaca B OBAZH C 3TUM K BAXKBLIM JIA nansueïmero E3N0>keHun daktam Ouorpapun noora;-B COCTABAHLAX Tparukos Codoxn mi Pasy He 3aHuMaı MeCTA HiDKe BTOPOrO H*JBAAMATh yeTHpe Pasa BaBoeRLınan uepsexcrso. On comnun Gonee cra ABAJUaTu Tpareguii M CATHPOBCKUX Apam— F8 HEX NONHOCTEIO COXPauy10Ch COME Tparegliii, a OT UPoOyux napecrno Gonee TEICHYE B ÖONBIIUHCTBE CBOEM KOPOTKFX DPATMEHTOB; 3HAyITENBHOB co CTHXOB 3AKNIOYAeT UML OTPHBOK M3 CATUPOBCKoü Apasu «Cruenonuri». Tloaruyeckoe TBOPYECTBO HONHOCTEW ne nornomano Coboxna. Emy Guzo auaKOMO DCKYCCTBO BpayeBamıa, I B KOHIO >KMS3UM ON SAUMMAN XKPEHCCKYIO Konk- HOCTL, CBASANHYIO C KYIBTOM Ackrenna. Haxouen, Copoxa Onin nenrensumar YIACTHBKOM OÖMECTBEHHO-UONUTHYECKON KUSUN CBoeli poumnmz, 1 ero He pus